2015年中国动物遗传学研究领域若干重要进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.16-205

遗传 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 467-507.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.16-205

• 特邀综述 • 下一篇

2015年中国动物遗传学研究领域若干重要进展

张博¹, 陈晓芳², 黄勋², 杨晓³

1. 北京大学生命科学学院,细胞增殖与分化教育部重点实验室,北京 100871;
2. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京 100101;
3. 军事医学科学院生物工程研究所,发育和疾病遗传学研究室,北京 100071

收稿日期:2016-04-25 修回日期:2016-06-06 出版日期:2016-06-20 发布日期:2016-06-08
通讯作者: 张博,教授,博士生导师,研究方向：斑马鱼遗传发育。E-mail: bzhang@pku.edu.cn
黄勋,研究员,博士生导师,研究方向：脂肪代谢调控、发育与脂肪代谢疾病的分子机制。E-mail: xhuang@genetics.ac.cn
杨晓,研究员,博士生导师,研究方向：组织稳态维持和疾病的分子机制。E-mail: yangx@bmi.ac.cn

Research advances on animal genetics in China in 2015

Bo Zhang¹, Xiaofang Chen², Xun Huang², Xiao Yang³

1. Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peiking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3. Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China

Received:2016-04-25 Revised:2016-06-06 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-06-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2015年中国科学家在动物遗传学领域的研究成果斐然。据不完全统计,2015年围绕线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)、果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、爪蛙(Xenopus)和小鼠(Mus musculus)等5个模式动物发表的论文中涉及中国的论文数约占总论文数的1/5,众多具有原创性的研究成果在国际高影响力的期刊上发表。例如：首次鉴定出潜在的磁受体MagR,为磁感应遗传与分子机制的研究带来了重大突破;揭示了褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)翅多型性的遗传基础;首次证明在果蝇基因组中存在腺嘌呤的N⁶-甲基化;揭示了哺乳动物树突棘修剪与成熟的新的分子机制;发现CRTC2介导的信号通路调控肝脏脂代谢;发现神经递质多巴胺能够调节炎症反应;发现Gasdermin蛋白家族具有诱导细胞焦亡的功能;发现小清蛋白阳性的兴奋性视觉通路能够触发小鼠的恐惧反应等。2015年中国科学家在TALEN和CRISPR/Cas基因组靶向编辑技术领域同样做出了重要贡献。据不完全统计,其中涉及中国的论文占比多于1/5,覆盖了从线虫到灵长类的多种动物、多种基因组修饰方法,并且在世界上首次成功编辑了人类早期胚胎。中国在基因组序列测定与分析研究领域一如既往地保持世界领先,2015年中国科学家在动物基因组方面绘制了家鹅(Anser cygnoides)、壁虎(Gekko japonicus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)的基因组序列图谱,完成了69头中国地方猪(Sus scrofa)的基因组重测序,分别分析了这些动物所独有的生理病理特征以及环境适应能力的遗传基础。本文首次尝试对以中国本土科研团队为主的动物遗传学领域若干重要科研进展进行年度回顾,并选取若干重点论文进行简要介绍,以彰显中国科学家在动物遗传学领域的科研实力和重要贡献。

关键词: 中国, 动物遗传学, 研究进展, 2015年

Abstract: Chinese scientists have made significant achievements in the field of animal genetics in 2015. Incomplete statistics show that among all the publications of 2015 involving nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), fly (Drosophila melanogaster), zebrafish (Danio rerio), African clawed frog (Xenopus) or mice (Mus musculus), about 1/5 publications are from China. Many innovative studies were published in high-impact international academic journals by Chinese scientists, including the identification of a putative magnetic receptor MagR, the genetic basis for the regulation of wing polyphenism in the insect brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), DNA N⁶-methyladenine (6mA) modification in the Drosophila genome, a novel molecular mechanism regarding the dendritic spine pruning and maturation in the mammals, the mechanism for the CREB coactivator CRTC2 in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, the control of systemic inflammation by neurotransmitter dopamine, the role of Gasdermin protein family in triggering pyroptosis, a parvalbumin-positive excitatory visual pathway to trigger fear responses in mice, etc. Chinese scientists have also made important contributions in genome editing via TALEN or CRISPR/Cas system. According to incomplete statistics, more than 1/5 of the publications related to genome editing in 2015 are from China, where a variety of animals with different approaches were targeted, ranging from the worm to primates. Particularly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes was successfully achieved for the first time. China has been one of the leading countries in genome sequencing in recent years, and Chinese scientists reported the sequence and annotation of the genomes of several important animal species in 2015, including goose (Anser cygnoides), Schlegel’s Japanese Gecko (Gekko japonicus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and pig (Sus scrofa). They further analyzed the genome-wide genetic basis of the species-specific physiological and pathological characteristics as well as their adaptation to environmental conditions. In this review, we make a first attempt to summarize the research advances on animal genetics in China in 2015, with an emphasis on the achievements led by Chinese scientists and carried out in Chinese institutions. We will briefly discuss the significance of their research and contributions of Chinese scientists in animal genetics.

Key words: China, animal genetics, research advances, 2015

张博, 陈晓芳, 黄勋, 杨晓. 2015年中国动物遗传学研究领域若干重要进展[J]. 遗传, 2016, 38(6): 467-507.

Bo Zhang, Xiaofang Chen, Xun Huang, Xiao Yang. Research advances on animal genetics in China in 2015[J]. HEREDITAS(Beijing), 2016, 38(6): 467-507.

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2015年中国动物遗传学研究领域若干重要进展

Research advances on animal genetics in China in 2015

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