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植物硝酸盐转运蛋白家族NPF及其蛋白修饰调控机制研究进展

寇玉晨1,谢一宁1,袁艳辉1,单晓昳2,张曦1   

  1. 1.北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,林木遗传育种全国重点实验室,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,林木育种与生态修复国家工程研究中心,北京 100083

    2.清华大学生命科学学院,北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12 修回日期:2025-01-20 出版日期:2025-03-19 发布日期:2025-03-19
  • 基金资助:
    科技创新2030农业生物育种重大专项(编号:2022ZD0401605(2)-3),中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:QNTD202301),北京市自然科学基金项目(编号:5232016),国家自然科学基金项目(编号:32000558)和高等学校学科创新引智计划(111项目,B13007)资助

Plant nitrate transport family NPF and its regulatory mechanism of protein modification

Yuchen Kou1, Yining Xie1, Yanhui Yuan1, Xiaoyi Shan2, Xi Zhang1   

  • Received:2024-11-12 Revised:2025-01-20 Published:2025-03-19 Online:2025-03-19

摘要: 氮素是植物生长不可或缺的大量元素,而硝酸盐是植物主要的氮素来源,其供需关系对植物发育起决定性影响。NRT1/PTR家族(Nitrate Transporter 1/Peptide Transporter Family, NPF)作为主要的硝酸盐转运家族,在硝酸盐摄取过程中扮演着关键的角色。NRT1.1(NPF6.3/CHL1)在植物体内不仅承担着硝酸盐的运输任务,还兼具硝酸盐感受器的功能。在植物研究中,该类蛋白可通过蛋白翻译后修饰来调控其功能,进而调控硝酸盐感受、摄取以及植物发育。本文综述了拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、玉米(Zea mays)等NRT1/PTR硝酸盐转运蛋白家族在调节硝酸盐摄取及利用中的作用,总结了蛋白翻译后的修饰对硝酸盐转运与植物发育的影响;最后,展望了在树木中开展相关研究的前景,以期为提高树木氮肥利用效率、增强其抗逆能力和生态环境保护提供科学依据和技术支持。

关键词: 硝酸盐转运蛋白, 氮利用效率, 蛋白质翻译后修饰, 树木

Abstract: Nitrogen is an indispensable macronutrient for plant growth, and nitrate is the main source of nitrogen for plants. The relationship between supply and demand of nitrate has a decisive impact on plant development. The NRT1/PTR family (nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family, NPF) is a major nitrate transporter family, playing a key role in nitrate uptake. In plant research, this type of protein can regulate its function through post-translational modification, thereby regulating nitrate sense, uptake, and plant development. NRT1.1 (NPF6.3/CHL1), a key member of the NPF family, functions both as a nitrate transporter and a nitrate sensor. In this review, we elucidate the role of NPF nitrate transporter proteins in regulating nitrate uptake and utilization in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays, and summarize the effects of post-translational modification on nitrate transport and plant development. Finally, the prospect of related research in trees is discussed, in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, enhancing plant resistance to adverse conditions, and protecting ecological environment.

Key words: nitrate transporter, nitrogen use efficiency, protein post-translational modification, tree plants