植物硝酸盐转运蛋白家族NPF及其蛋白修饰调控机制研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-327

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 1118-1131.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-327

植物硝酸盐转运蛋白家族NPF及其蛋白修饰调控机制研究进展

寇玉晨¹(), 谢一宁¹, 袁艳辉¹, 单晓昳², 张曦¹()

1.北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院，林木遗传育种全国重点实验室，林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室，林木育种与生态修复国家工程研究中心，北京 100083
2.清华大学生命科学学院，北京 100084

收稿日期:2024-11-12 修回日期:2025-01-20 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-03-19
通讯作者: 张曦，博士，讲师，研究方向：分子细胞生物学。E-mail: zhangxi@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:寇玉晨，硕士研究生，专业方向：细胞生物学。E-mail: KYC3230189@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
科技创新2030农业生物育种重大专项(2022ZD0401605(2)-3);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(QNTD202301);北京市自然科学基金项目(5232016);国家自然科学基金项目(32000558);高等学校学科创新引智计划(111项目，B13007)

Plant nitrate transport family NPF and its regulatory mechanism of protein modification

Yuchen Kou¹(), Yining Xie¹, Yanhui Yuan¹, Xiaoyi Shan², Xi Zhang¹()

1. National Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Tree Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Forest Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2024-11-12 Revised:2025-01-20 Published:2025-10-20 Online:2025-03-19
Supported by:
STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0401605(2)-3);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(QNTD202301);Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City(5232016);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000558);Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (111 Project, No.B13007)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮素是植物生长不可或缺的大量元素，而硝酸盐是植物主要的氮素来源，其供需关系对植物发育起决定性影响。NRT1/PTR家族(nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family，NPF)作为主要的硝酸盐转运家族，在硝酸盐摄取过程中扮演着关键的角色。在植物研究中，该类蛋白可通过蛋白翻译后修饰来调控其功能，进而调控硝酸盐感知、摄取以及植物发育。NRT1.1(NPF6.3/CHL1)是NPF的重要成员之一，兼具硝酸盐转运和感受器的双重功能。本文综述了拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、水稻(Oryza sativa)和玉米(Zea mays)等NPF硝酸盐转运蛋白家族在调节硝酸盐摄取及利用中的作用，总结了蛋白翻译后的修饰对硝酸盐转运与植物发育的影响。最后，展望了在树木中开展相关研究的前景，以期为提高树木氮肥利用效率、增强其抗逆能力和生态环境保护提供科学依据和技术支持。

关键词: 硝酸盐转运蛋白, 氮利用效率, 蛋白质翻译后修饰, 树木

Abstract:

Nitrogen is an indispensable macronutrient for plant growth, and nitrate is the main source of nitrogen for plants. The relationship between supply and demand of nitrate has a decisive impact on plant development. The NRT1/PTR family (nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family, NPF) is a major nitrate transporter family, playing a key role in nitrate uptake. In plant research, this type of protein can regulate its function through post-translational modification, thereby regulating nitrate sense, uptake, and plant development. NRT1.1 (NPF6.3/CHL1), a key member of the NPF family, functions both as a nitrate transporter and a nitrate sensor. In this review, we elucidate the role of NPF nitrate transporter proteins in regulating nitrate uptake and utilization in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays, and summarize the effects of post-translational modification on nitrate transport and plant development. Finally, the prospect of related research in trees is discussed, in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, enhancing plant resistance to adverse conditions, and protecting ecological environment.

Key words: nitrate transporter, nitrogen use efficiency, protein post-translational modification, trees

寇玉晨, 谢一宁, 袁艳辉, 单晓昳, 张曦. 植物硝酸盐转运蛋白家族NPF及其蛋白修饰调控机制研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(10): 1118-1131.

Yuchen Kou, Yining Xie, Yanhui Yuan, Xiaoyi Shan, Xi Zhang. Plant nitrate transport family NPF and its regulatory mechanism of protein modification[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(10): 1118-1131.

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原基因名称	统一后新名称	基因号	亲和性	表达部位	功能	参考文献
NRT1.1	NPF6.3	AT1G12110.1	高、低	根表皮细胞、保卫细胞	硝酸盐吸收，抗旱，种子休眠，生长素积累，调控开花时间，非生物胁迫耐受性诱导	[7,8,28~33]
NRT1.2	NPF4.6	AT1G69850.1	低	根毛、表皮	根部硝酸盐转运，转运ABA	[34]
NRT1.3	NPF6.4	AT3G21670.1	低	茎	转运硝酸盐	[35]
NRT1.4	NPF6.2	AT2G26690.1	低	叶柄、叶脉	叶柄储存硝酸盐，将硝酸盐分配到叶片	[36~38]
NRT1.5	NPF7.3	AT1G32450.1	低	木质部中柱鞘、根	负载硝酸盐到木质部；转运吲哚-3-丁酸	[39]
NRT1.6	NPF2.12	AT1G27080.1	低	果实维管束	胚中硝酸盐转运和胚胎发育	[40]
NRT1.7	NPF2.13	AT1G69870.1	低	叶脉韧皮部	老叶硝酸盐的重新利用	[2,14,41]
NRT1.8	NPF7.2	AT4G21680.1	低	木质部	木质部硝酸盐转运	[42]
NRT1.9	NPF2.9	AT1G18880.1	低	根部伴胞	木质部硝酸盐负载到韧皮部	[14,43]
NRT1.10	NPF2.11	AT5G62680.1	低	茎	转运硫配糖体	[44]
NRT1.11	NPF1.2	AT1G52190.1	低	韧皮部	重新分配木质部硝酸盐	[45]
NRT1.12	NPF1.1	AT3G16180.1	低	韧皮部	重新分配木质部硝酸盐	[45]
NRT1.13	NPF4.4	AT1G33440.1	低	叶柄、果荚、茎	种子休眠，调控开花时间	[46]
NRT1.14	NPF4.3	AT1G59740.1	低	‒	‒	‒
NRT1.15	NPF5.14	AT1G72120.1	低	‒	‒	‒
NRT1.16	NPF5.13	AT1G72125.1	低	‒	‒	‒

植物硝酸盐转运蛋白家族NPF及其蛋白修饰调控机制研究进展

Plant nitrate transport family NPF and its regulatory mechanism of protein modification

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