表观遗传变异及其在作物改良中的应用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1005.2014.0469

遗传 ›› 2014, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 469-475.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2014.0469

表观遗传变异及其在作物改良中的应用

江静^1,2 , 钱前², 马伯军¹, 高振宇²

1. 浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院, 金华 321004;
2. 中国水稻研究所, 水稻生物学国家重点实验室, 杭州 310006

收稿日期:2013-12-05 修回日期:2014-02-25 出版日期:2014-05-20 发布日期:2014-05-25
通讯作者: 高振宇, 博士, 副研究员, 研究方向：水稻功能基因组研究和分子遗传育种。E-mail: gaozhenyu@caas.cn E-mail:gaozhenyu@caas.cn
作者简介:江静, 硕士研究生, 专业方向：水稻分子遗传育种。E-mail: jiangjing6648@aliyun.com
基金资助:
浙江省杰出青年基金项目(编号：LR12C06001)资助

Epigenetic variation and its application in crop improvement

Jing Jiang^1,2, Qian Qian², Bojun Ma¹, Zhenyu Gao²

1. College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China

Received:2013-12-05 Revised:2014-02-25 Online:2014-05-20 Published:2014-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天然植物群体中存在着大量的遗传变异, 包括遗传物质改变和表观遗传变异, 它们是物种赖以生存和进化的源泉。表观遗传变异不涉及DNA序列的改变或者蛋白表达的变化, 但可以通过有丝分裂和(或)减数分裂实现世代间的稳定遗传。文章主要从表观遗传变异的重要来源——植物远缘杂交及多倍体化、环境中各种生物和非生物胁迫两方面, 总结了表观遗传在作物改良中的应用, 分析了它的局限性和存在的问题, 并且提出了相应的解决方法。

关键词: 表观遗传变异, 环境胁迫, 远缘杂交, 作物改良

Abstract:

Heritable variations in natural populations, including genetic variation and epigenetic variation, are the motivation for adaptation and evolution of plant species. Germplasm can be transferred stably from generation to generation by mitosis and/or meiosis without alteration in DNA sequence and protein expression. Here, two important sources of epigenetic variation, distant hybridization and polyploidy, and various biotic and abiotic stresses, are introduced. The application of epigenetic variation in crop improvement and its limitation, as well as optional solutions, are also summarized.

Key words: epigenetic variation, stress, distant hybridization, crop improvement

江静, 钱前, 马伯军,高振宇. 表观遗传变异及其在作物改良中的应用[J]. 遗传, 2014, 36(5): 469-475.

Jing Jiang, Qian Qian, Bojun Ma, Zhenyu Gao. Epigenetic variation and its application in crop improvement[J]. HEREDITAS(Beijing), 2014, 36(5): 469-475.

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Epigenetic variation and its application in crop improvement

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