摘要： 植物对盐胁迫的耐受反应是个复杂的过程,在分子水平上它包括对外界盐信号的感应和传递,特异转录因子的激活和下游控制生理生化应答的效应基因的表达.在生化应答中,本文着重讨论负责维持和重建离子平衡的膜转运蛋白、渗调剂的生物合成和功能及水分控制.这些生理生化应答最终使得液泡中离子浓度升高和渗调剂在胞质中积累.近年来,通过对各种盐生植物或盐敏感突变株的研究,阐明了许多盐应答的离子转运途径、水通道和物种特异的渗调剂代谢途径,克隆了其相关基因并能在转基因淡水植物中产生耐盐表型;另一方面,在拟南芥突变体及利用酵母盐敏感突变株功能互补筛选得到一些编码信号传递蛋白的基因,这些都有助于阐明植物盐胁迫应答的分子机制。
Abstract:Plant responses to salt stress via a complex mechanism,including sensing and transducing the stress signal,activating the transcription factors and the corresponding metabolizing genes.Since the whole mechanism is still unclear,this review emphasize the biochemical events during the plant adaptation to salt stress referring to an index of importance:the homeostasis in cytoplasm,the biosynthesis of osmolytes and the transport of water.Most of these biochemical events were elucidated by study of halophyte and salt-sensitive mutations,also many important genes involved were cloned and used to generate stress-tolerance phenotypes in transgenic plants.On the other hand,about the molecular mechanism in signal transduction,the research of Arabidopsis mutations and yeast functional complementation provided helpful traces but not full pathway.