基因组编辑技术在植物基因功能鉴定及作物育种中的应用

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.15-327

遗传 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 227-242.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.15-327

基因组编辑技术在植物基因功能鉴定及作物育种中的应用

周想春¹, 邢永忠^{1, 2}

1. 华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,武汉 430070;
2. 主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,荆州 434025

收稿日期:2015-07-20 修回日期:2016-01-04 出版日期:2016-03-20 发布日期:2016-03-20
通讯作者: 邢永忠,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:生物化学与分子生物学. E-mail:yzxing@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:周想春,博士研究生,研究方向:遗传学.E-mail: xiangchunzhou@sina.com
基金资助:
国家高技术研究发展计划项目(863计划)(编号:2012 AA10A303)和国家自然科学基金项目(编号:91335201)资助

The application of genome editing in identification of plant gene function and crop breeding

Xiangchun Zhou¹, Yongzhong Xing^{1, 2}

1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou 434025, China

Received:2015-07-20 Revised:2016-01-04 Online:2016-03-20 Published:2016-03-20
Supported by:
Supported by the High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No; 2012 AA10A303) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No; 91335201)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用生物技术可以对植物基因组进行高效,精准,特异的修饰.锌指核酸酶(Zinc finger nucleases, ZFN),转录激活样效应因子核酸酶(Transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TALEN),成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated 9)是目前基因组编辑技术应用中的关键工程核酸酶.通过产生DNA双链断裂(Double-strand breaks, DSBs)激活植物内源修复途径(包括非同源粘性末端连接和同源重组修复),基因组编辑技术可以实现对靶位点的定点突变,缺失或者基因的插入与替换.基因组编辑已经被广泛地应用到各种植物的基因组修饰中,如拟南芥,水稻,烟草等.本文主要概述了基因组编辑技术在植物基因功能鉴定及作物遗传育种中的应用,并对其未来在作物精准改良中需要完善的相关问题进行了探讨.

关键词: 基因组编辑, ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9, 基因功能鉴定, 作物育种

Abstract: Plant genome can be modified via current biotechnology with high specificity and excellent efficiency. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system are the key engineered nucleases used in the genome editing. Genome editing techniques enable gene targeted mutagenesis, gene knock-out, gene insertion or replacement at the target sites during the endogenous DNA repair process, including non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), triggered by the induction of DNA double-strand break (DSB). Genome editing has been successfully applied in the genome modification of diverse plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Nicotiana tabacum. In this review, we summarize the application of genome editing in identification of plant gene function and crop breeding. Moreover, we also discuss the improving points of genome editing in crop precision genetic improvement for further study.

Key words: genome editing, ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9, identification, crop breeding

周想春, 邢永忠. 基因组编辑技术在植物基因功能鉴定及作物育种中的应用[J]. 遗传, 2016, 38(3): 227-242.

Xiangchun Zhou, Yongzhong Xing. The application of genome editing in identification of plant gene function and crop breeding[J]. HEREDITAS(Beijing), 2016, 38(3): 227-242.

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基因组编辑技术在植物基因功能鉴定及作物育种中的应用

The application of genome editing in identification of plant gene function and crop breeding

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