遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 314-328.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-296

• 专家共识 • 上一篇    下一篇

临床基因组测序解读与报告专家共识

卢宇蓝1(), 李国壮2(), 王雅琼3, 徐可欣2, 董欣然3, 蔡继昊2, 吴冰冰3, 王慧君3, 方萍9, 王剑10, 王华22, 孙路明11, 叶勇裕12, 李晴2, 刘雅萍7, 刘丽1, 刘宁14, 刘嘉琦15, 宋昉16, 杨琳3, 邱正庆5, 陈泽夫17, 罗华夏18, 郭丹6, 郝婵娟19, 赵森20, 黄尚志8, 彭镜21, 蔡小强1, 睢瑞芳4, 李林康13, 吴南2(), 周文浩1(), 张抒扬7()   

  1. 1.广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心,广州 511400
    2.中国医学科学院北京协和医院,骨科,北京 100730
    3.复旦大学附属儿科医院,分子医学中心,上海 201102
    4.中国医学科学院北京协和医院,眼科,北京 100730
    5.中国医学科学院北京协和医院,儿科,北京 100730
    6.中国医学科学院北京协和医院,临床生物样本中心,北京 100730
    7.中国医学科学院北京协和医院,罕见病医学中心,疑难重症及罕见病全国重点实验室,北京 100730
    8.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,医学遗传学系,北京 100005
    9.美国医学遗传学院专家委员会,贝塞斯达市 20811,美国
    10.上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院,上海 200030
    11.同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院,产前诊断中心,上海 200040
    12.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院,脊柱外科,广州 510315
    13.中国罕见病联盟,北京 100005
    14.郑州大学第一附属医院,遗传与产前诊断中心,郑州 450052
    15.中国医学科学院肿瘤医院,乳腺外科,北京 100021
    16.首都儿科研究所,医学遗传室,北京 100020
    17.南方医科大学附属南方医院,脊柱骨科,广州 510450
    18.北京大学第一医院,儿科,北京 100034
    19.首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院,儿童医学中心,北京 100034
    20.美国贝勒医学院,分子人类遗传系,休斯敦 77030, 美国
    21.中南大学湘雅医院,儿科,长沙 410008
    22.湖南省儿童医院,医学遗传科,长沙 410007
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-17 修回日期:2025-01-21 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 吴南,博士,主任医师/研究员,研究方向:脊柱畸形等骨骼畸形。E-mail: dr.wunan@pumch.cn;
    周文浩,博士,主任医师/教授,研究方向:新生儿危重症及遗传性疾病。E-mail: zwhchfu@126.com;
    张抒扬,博士,主任医师/教授,研究方向:心血管系统疾病与罕见病诊治。E-mail: shuyangzhang103@163.com
  • 作者简介:卢宇蓝,博士,副研究员,研究方向:遗传罕见病基因组学研究。E-mail: yulanlu@fudan.edu.cn;
    李国壮,博士研究生,专业方向:骨科学。E-mail: Guozhuang_Li@outlook.com
    第一联系人:

    卢宇蓝和李国壮并列第一作者。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2703100);国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2507700);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2703102);上海市科技创新行动计划(20Z11900600);上海市科技创新行动计划(22DZ2204800);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-051);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-052);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(CIFMS)(2023-I2M-C&T-A-003);北京协和医院中央高水平医院临床科研专项(2022-PUMCH-D-004);北京协和医院中央高水平医院临床科研专项(2022-PUMCH-C-033);中央专项彩票公益金支持罕见病诊疗水平能力提升项目(UPWARDS);中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2019PT320025)

Expert consensus on clinical genome sequencing interpretation and reporting

Yulan Lu1(), Guozhuang Li2(), Yaqiong Wang3, Kexin Xu2, Xinran Dong3, Jihao Cai2, Bingbing Wu3, Huijun Wang3, Ping Fang9, Jian Wang10, Hua Wang22, Luming Sun11, Yongyu Ye12, Qing Li2, Yaping Liu7, Li Liu1, Ning Liu14, Jiaqi Liu15, Fang Song16, Lin Yang3, Zhengqing Qiu5, Zefu Chen17, Huaxia Luo18, Dan Guo6, Chanjuan Hao19, Sen Zhao20, Shangzhi Huang8, Jing Peng21, Xiaoqiang Cai1, Ruifang Sui4, Linkang Li13, Nan Wu2(), Wenhao Zhou1(), Shuyang Zhang7()   

  1. 1. Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou 511400, China
    2. Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
    3. Center for Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
    4. Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
    5. Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
    6. Clinical Biosample Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
    7. Center for Rare Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
    8. Department of Medical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
    9. Expert Committee, American College of Medical Genetics, Bethesda 20811, USA
    10. International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
    11. Prenatal Diagnosis Center, First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
    12. Department of Spinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
    13. China Alliance for Rare Diseases, Beijing 100005, China
    14. Center for Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052
    15. Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
    16. Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
    17. Department of Spinal Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510450, China
    18. Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
    19. Children’s Medical Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100034
    20. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston 77030, USA
    21. Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
    22. Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
  • Received:2024-10-17 Revised:2025-01-21 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-01-22
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2703100);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2507700);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2703102);Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Action Plan(20Z11900600);Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Action Plan(22DZ2204800);CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-051);CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-052);CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2023-I2M-C&T-A-003);National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-D-004);National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-033);Peking Union Medical College Hospital Public Welfare Project for Rare Disease Service Improvement(UPWARDS);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019PT320025)

摘要:

基因组测序(genome sequencing,GS)是一种全面且系统地检测个体核基因组和线粒体基因组DNA序列的技术,旨在识别遗传变异并研究这些变异在人类健康和疾病发生发展中的作用。作为一种应用越来越广泛的检测技术,GS凭借高通量、高准确性和全面性的优势,为临床诊断提供了重要支持。然而,其复杂的数据分析与解读对专业知识和经验提出了较高要求,也带来了诸多挑战。运用GS技术进行遗传病分子诊断会涉及临床应用的伦理与技术问题,包括知情同意、诊断性数据解读、报告范围和内容等。本专家共识总结了临床基因组测序(clinical GS,cGS)的核心流程,明确了检测范围与技术局限性,提供了数据质控、分析、注释及变异解读的关键步骤,并对报告内容和知情同意的争议性问题展开讨论。本共识旨在帮助相关从业人员正确理解和规范使用临床基因组测序技术,提升遗传病诊断的准确性,优化技术的临床效用,推动医学科学研究的进步。

关键词: 遗传罕见病, 基因组测序, 高通量测序数据分析, 变异解读, 遗传检测报告

Abstract:

Genome sequencing (GS) refers to a technology that comprehensively and systematically detects the DNA sequences of an individual’s nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. It aims to identify genetic variants and investigate their roles in human health and disease progression. As an emerging diagnostic tool, GS offers significant support for clinical diagnosis due to its high throughput, accuracy, and comprehensiveness. However, the complexity of data analysis and interpretation requires substantial professional expertise and experience, posing considerable challenges. When applying GS technology for molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases, ethical and technical issues related to clinical application arise, including informed consent, diagnostic data interpretation, and defining the scope and content of clinical reports. This expert consensus outlines the core workflow of clinical genome sequencing (cGS), clarifies its testing scope and technical limitations, and provides key steps for data quality control, analysis, annotation, and variant interpretation. It also addresses controversial issues related to report content and informed consent. This consensus aims to assist professionals in accurately understanding and appropriately utilizing clinical genome sequencing, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy for genetic diseases, enhancing the clinical utility of the technology, and advancing medical scientific research.

Key words: genetic rare diseases, genome sequencing, high-throughput sequencing data analysis, variant interpretation, genetic testing report