遗传 ›› 2015, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 953-973.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.15-156
单奇伟, 高彩霞
收稿日期:2015-04-13
出版日期:2015-10-20
发布日期:2015-10-20
通讯作者:
高彩霞，博士，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向：遗传学。E-mail: cxgao@genetics.ac.cn
作者简介:单奇伟，博士，研究方向：遗传学。E-mail: qwshan@icloud.com
基金资助:Qiwei Shan， Caixia Gao
Received:2015-04-13
Online:2015-10-20
Published:2015-10-20
摘要： 基因组编辑技术已经在多个模式植物、动物以及其他生物中得到成功应用。基因组编辑是利用序列特异核酸酶(Sequence-specific nucleases, SSNs)在基因组特定位点产生DNA双链断裂(Double-strand breaks, DSBs)，从而激活细胞自身修复机制——非同源末端连接(Non-homologous end joining, NHEJ)或同源重组(Homologous recombination, HR)，实现基因敲除、染色体重组以及基因定点插入或替换等。锌指核酸酶(Zinc finger nuclease, ZFN)、TALEN(Transcription activator-like effector nuclease)和CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9)系统是最主要的3类SSNs。ZFN和TALEN是利用蛋白与DNA结合方式靶向特定的基因组位点，而最新的CIRISPR/Cas9系统则是利用更简单的核苷酸互补配对方式结合在基因组靶位点，其构建简单、效率更高效，因而促进了基因组编辑在植物中的广泛应用。利用基因组编辑技术除了实现植物基因定点突变外，还可以将SSNs的DNA结合域与其他功能蛋白融合，实现基因的靶向激活、抑制和表观调控等衍生技术。本文从基因组编辑技术的原理与优势、SSNs组成及构建方法、基因组编辑及衍生技术在植物中应用、优化SSNs突变效率和减少脱靶突变方法等方面进行了系统介绍，并对未来需要迫切解决的一些问题进行了分析和展望。
单奇伟, 高彩霞. 植物基因组编辑及衍生技术最新研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2015, 37(10): 953-973.
Qiwei Shan， Caixia Gao. Research progress of genome editing and derivative technologies in plants[J]. HEREDITAS(Beijing), 2015, 37(10): 953-973.
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