牛、绵羊角的遗传定位及遗传机制研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.20-229

遗传 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 40-51.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-229

牛、绵羊角的遗传定位及遗传机制研究进展

何晓红, 蒋琳, 浦亚斌, 赵倩君, 马月辉()

中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193

收稿日期:2020-07-21 修回日期:2020-11-19 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-01-07
通讯作者: 马月辉 E-mail:yuehui.ma@263.net
作者简介:何晓红,博士,副研究员,研究方向：畜禽遗传资源研究。E-mail: hexiaohong@caas.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目编号(31402033);国家自然科学基金项目编号(U1603232);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项编号(2017ywf-zd-11);现代绒毛用羊产业技术体系编号(CARS-40-01);中国农业科学院创新工程资助编号(ASTIP-IAS01)

Progress on genetic mapping and genetic mechanism of cattle and sheep horns

Xiaohong He, Lin Jiang, Yabin Pu, Qianjun Zhao, Yuehui Ma()

Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2020-07-21 Revised:2020-11-19 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-07
Contact: Ma Yuehui E-mail:yuehui.ma@263.net
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos(31402033);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos(U1603232);the Special Fund for Basic Scienti?c Research of Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences funding No(2017ywf-zd-11);tthe earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System No(CARS-40-01);the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China No(ASTIP-IAS01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

角属于动物颅骨附属物,为反刍动物所特有。牛(Bos taurus)、绵羊(Ovis aries)角的表型包括野生型两角表型、人工驯化的无角表型、畸形角等多种。牛和绵羊是阐明角的质量性状和数量性状之间的关系以及质量性状的多基因调控机制等方面的理想动物模型。近年来,对角性状研究不断深入,在阐明新器官起源进化、自然选择、性别选择和人工选择对角表型的影响等方面取得了一系列进展。本文详细介绍了角的研究概况、多角表型遗传定位、无角位点基因遗传定位和畸形角等,并对目前牛和绵羊角的遗传机制及存在的问题进行了分析,以期为反刍动物角性状和其他特异性性状遗传机制研究提供参考。

关键词: 绵羊, 颅骨附属物, 角性状, 遗传机制, 无角表型, 多角表型

Abstract:

Horns are cranial appendages, which are unique in ruminants. Cattle (Bos taurus) and sheep (Ovis aries) cranial appendages exhibit various forms of morphology, including wild-type two-horn phenotype, polled phenotype and scur phenotype. These animals provide an ideal model for studies on the underlying relationship between quality and quantitative traits of cattle and sheep horn and the molecular mechanisms of horn phenotype as a polygenic regulation for quality traits. In recent years, some research progresses of cattle and sheep horns are successively reported, which helps us better understand the evolutionary origin of new organ, the effects of natural selection, sex selection and artificial selection on horn phenotypes. In this review, we introduce in details the recent advances on the research of horn traits in cattle and sheep, and summarize the genetic mapping of multi-horned phenotypes, the genetic mapping of polled locus, and studies on scur phenotype. Moreover, we discuss potential problems in such research, thereby providing a reference for investigation on the genetic mechanisms of horn traits in ruminants.

Key words: sheep, cranial appendages, horn trait, genetic mechanism, polled phenotype, multi-horned phenotype

何晓红, 蒋琳, 浦亚斌, 赵倩君, 马月辉. 牛、绵羊角的遗传定位及遗传机制研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2021, 43(1): 40-51.

Xiaohong He, Lin Jiang, Yabin Pu, Qianjun Zhao, Yuehui Ma. Progress on genetic mapping and genetic mechanism of cattle and sheep horns[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(1): 40-51.

图/表 3

图1

表1

绵羊角性状相关遗传区间、SNPs和候选基因"

表型或功能	遗传区间、候选基因或SNPs	数据类型	分析方法	物种或品种	野生或家养	参考文献
无角	Chr.10: OarHH41、AGLA226	微卫星标记	连锁分析	(美利奴羊×罗姆尼羊)×美利奴羊	家养	[40]
	Chr.10: 7.4 cM区间	微卫星和等位酶标记	关联分析	索艾羊	野生	[44,48]
	Chr.10: 200 kb区间	SNPs	连锁分析	美利奴羊×罗姆尼羊	家养	[41]
	Chr.10:OAR10_29546872,RXFP2	DNA芯片、重测序数据	选择信号分析、关联分析和选择性清扫分析	陶赛特羊、美利奴羊;小尾寒羊、湖羊	家养	[26,37]
	Chr.10:29.3~29.5 Mb,RXFP2、EEF1DP3	DNA芯片、测序	连锁不平衡分析、芯片GWAS分析、多态性检测	澳洲美利奴羊、Navajo-Churro绵羊、滩羊、萨福克羊	家养	[24,42,52]
	RXFP2 3′UTR 1.8 kb片段插入	测序、分型	序列分析	7个瑞士绵羊品种	家养	[51]
角的多态性	Chr.10:RXFP2	DNA芯片;RXFP2基因型	GWAS分析、选择系数和平衡频率分析、基因型之间的适应度差异分析	索艾羊	野生	[49,50]
角的长度、角的方向	Chr.10:CSRD87、OarSEJ09 Chr.10:RXFP2	微卫星标记 DNA芯片、重测序	连锁图谱QTL定位、GWAS分析、选择性清扫分析	索艾羊、大角羊、藏绵羊	野生、家养	[45,46,48~50,55]
角早期发育	(1) SOX9和HOXD; (2) SOX10、SNAI1、SNAI2、TFAP2A、NGFR和COL11A2	基因组测序、转录组数据	基因组、转录组分析	有角反刍动物	野生和家养	[7]
畸形角	COL6A2、COL6A1、PARVA、TNN、TNC	蛋白质组学数据	差异分析	阿勒泰羊	家养	[62]
畸形角	Chr.10：RXFP2	DNA芯片	GWAS分析	索艾羊	野生	[49]
多角表型	Chr.2: 128~135 Mb、HOXD基因簇、MTX2、EVX2、KIAA1715	DNA芯片、重测序数据	GWAS分析、关联分析和品种间的选择性清扫分析	阿勒泰羊、蒙古羊、泗水裘皮羊、Jacobs羊、Navajo-Churro羊和Damara绵羊	家养	[9,22~24,26]
多角亚型	Chr.2:132.8 Mb,MTX2、HOXD基因簇	DNA芯片	芯片GWAS分析	多角藏绵羊	家养	[19]

表1

表2

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表型	突变位点、候选基因	数据类型	分析方法	品种	参考文献
无角	P_C突变,IFNAR2、OLIG1	DNA芯片,转录组	基因组纯合子分析、差异表达分析	多个欧洲牛品种	[29,30]
	P_F突变	DNA芯片,全基因组测序	单体型分析	荷斯坦牛	[29,31,32]
	P_G突变	全基因组测序	基因型分析	内洛尔瘤牛	[33]
	P_M突变	DNA芯片,全基因组测序	基因渗入分析	蒙古牦牛和蒙古Turano牛	[34]
	RXPF2、FOXL2	转录组测序,	差异表达分析	荷斯坦牛	[32]
	OTOP3和OLIG1	基因组测序	正选择分析	牛科动物	[70]
畸形	TWIST1	DNA芯片	全基因组关联分析	夏洛莱牛	[59,61]

牛、绵羊角的遗传定位及遗传机制研究进展

Progress on genetic mapping and genetic mechanism of cattle and sheep horns

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