细胞外囊泡的研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.yczz.24-371

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 1078-1098.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.yczz.24-371

细胞外囊泡的研究进展

陈佳强¹^,²(), 丁梅¹^,²()

1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所, 北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100093

收稿日期:2025-04-11 修回日期:2025-06-11 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-17
通讯作者: 丁梅，博士，研究员，研究方向：神经系统发育的分子机制。E-mail: mding@genetics.ac.cn
作者简介:陈佳强，博士研究生，专业方向：神经生物学。E-mail: jiaqiang.chen@genetics.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31921002)

Progress on extracellular vesicles

Jiaqiang Chen¹^,²(), Mei Ding¹^,²()

1. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2025-04-11 Revised:2025-06-11 Published:2025-10-20 Online:2025-10-17
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31921002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles)是细胞释放到细胞外环境的膜包被结构，包含蛋白质、核酸、脂质等多种生物分子。细胞外囊泡来源广泛、种类繁多，且具有高度异质性。它们参与细胞间物质转运，调控细胞间通讯，并在细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移等多种生物学过程中发挥重要作用。本文综述了细胞外囊泡的分离与鉴定、生物发生机制及其命运等方面的研究进展，以期为该领域的深入研究提供参考。

关键词: 细胞外囊泡, 特征, 生物发生, 命运

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed structures released by cells into the extracellular space, containing various biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Extracellular vesicles exhibit broad cellular origins, diverse types, and high heterogeneity. They are involved in intercellular material transport, mediate intercellular communication, and play important roles in various cellular biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. This review summarizes recent advances in research on the isolation and identification, biogenesis mechanisms, and fate of extracellular vesicles, aiming to provide a reference for advancing research in this field.

Key words: extracellular vesicles, characteristics, biogenesis, fate

陈佳强, 丁梅. 细胞外囊泡的研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(10): 1078-1098.

Jiaqiang Chen, Mei Ding. Progress on extracellular vesicles[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(10): 1078-1098.

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