杂种优势形成机制和预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用与展望

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-137

遗传 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 627-639.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-137

杂种优势形成机制和预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用与展望

朱家华(), 沈俊男, 伊旭东, 李睿, 喻赫, 丁荣荣, 庞卫军()

西北农林科技大学动物科技学院，陕西省动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室，杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2024-05-11 修回日期:2024-07-03 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-07-12
通讯作者: 庞卫军，博士，教授，研究方向：生猪遗传改良与繁殖技术。E-mail: pwj1226@nwafu.edu.cn
作者简介:朱家华，硕士研究生，专业方向：猪杂种优势。E-mail: zhujiahua@nwafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFF1000602);国家生猪产业技术体系专项(CARS-35);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY01-04)

Heterosis formation mechanism, prediction methods, and their application and prospect in pig production

Jiahua Zhu(), Junnan Shen, Xudong Yi, Ru Li, He Yu, Rongrong Ding, Weijun Pang()

Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Received:2024-05-11 Revised:2024-07-03 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-07-12
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000602);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-35);Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2022ZDLNY01-04)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

杂种优势是指杂种后代的性能优于双亲群体的现象。杂交能有效提高后代的生长发育性能、繁殖性能和抗病性，因此被广泛应用于动植物生产。研究人员利用杂交育种技术培育了超优千号杂交水稻、小偃6号杂交小麦、杜蒙羊、山下黑猪等优秀的农牧新品系和配套系。然而当前的杂种优势研究仍存在一些亟待解决的问题：现有杂种优势理论只能部分解释动植物杂种优势现象，动物杂种优势理论研究较少，且现有的杂种优势预测方法准确性有限。我国是世界上最大的猪肉生产消费国，杂种优势能够有效提高生猪生产性能，在生猪产业的应用方面具有重要的经济和研究价值。但目前有关猪杂交生产研究还处于起步阶段，亟待进一步深入。本文综述了现有的杂种优势理论、杂种优势预测方法，及其在猪生产中的应用研究，以期为杂种优势在生猪育种中的应用提供借鉴与参考。

关键词: 杂种优势, 杂种优势形成机制, 杂种优势预测, 猪, 杂交生产

Abstract:

Heterosis is the phenomenon that the hybrid offspring outperform two-parent population. Hybridisation has been widely used in plant and animal production as it effectively improves the growth and developmental performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of the offspring. Hybridization can effectively improve the growth and development performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of offspring, so it is widely used in animal and plant production. Researchers have used cross-breeding techniques to cultivate excellent new agricultural and animal husbandry strains and supporting lines such as super-excellent Chaoyou 1000 hybrid rice, Xiaoyan No.6 hybrid wheat, Dumeng sheep, and Shanxia black pigs. However, there are still some urgent problems in the current hybrid dominance research: the existing hybrid dominance theory can only partially explain the phenomenon of plant and animal hybrid dominance, and the theory of animal hybrid dominance is less researched, and the accuracy of the existing hybrid dominance prediction methods is limited. China is the world’s largest pork production and consumption country. Heterosis can effectively improve the production performance of pigs, and its application in the pig industry has important economic and research value. However, the existing research on pig hybrid production is in its infancy and needs to be further studied. In this review, we summarize the existing heterosis theory, heterosis prediction methods, and their application in pig production, to provide a reference for the application of heterosis in pig breeding.

Key words: heterosis, heterosis formation mechanism, heterosis prediction, pig, hybrid production

朱家华, 沈俊男, 伊旭东, 李睿, 喻赫, 丁荣荣, 庞卫军. 杂种优势形成机制和预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用与展望[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(8): 627-639.

Jiahua Zhu, Junnan Shen, Xudong Yi, Ru Li, He Yu, Rongrong Ding, Weijun Pang. Heterosis formation mechanism, prediction methods, and their application and prospect in pig production[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2024, 46(8): 627-639.

图/表 3

图1

图2

表1

猪杂交生产相关研究进展"

杂交组合	主要研究性状	研究结果	参考文献
巴克夏猪、藏猪	胴体性状：皮重、瘦肉率、熟肉率等肉质性状：氨基酸含量、脂肪酸含量等	巴藏猪瘦肉率比藏猪高21.2%，熟肉率高14.7%，必需氨基酸含量巴藏杂交猪比巴克夏猪高7%，非必需氨基酸高7%	[76]
高黎贡山猪、撒坝猪	生长性状：平均日增重、耗料增重比胴体性状：瘦肉率、胴体重、平均背膘厚	高撒杂交猪的平均日增重比高黎贡山猪高5.9%，比撒坝猪低6.1%，胴体重比高黎贡山猪高39.2%，比撒坝猪低16%	[77]
巴克夏猪、青峪猪	繁殖性状：总出生数、活产数、窝出生体重等肉质性状：屠宰率、滴水损失、肌肉pH值等	巴青猪比青峪猪重量提升18.54%，眼肌面积提升26.7%，45分钟失水率提升11.33%	[78]
塞尔塔猪、杜洛克猪、长白猪	生长性状：生长速度等胴体性状：胴体长度、活重等肉质性状：Fe-血红素等	杜塞猪与长塞猪比塞尔塔猪生长速度更快，杜塞猪比塞尔塔猪胴体长度长4.5%，两种杂交猪Fe-血红素比塞尔塔猪低33.51%	[79]
杜洛克、巴克夏、延安猪	胴体性状：胴体重、背膘厚肉质性状：肌肉pH值、滴水损失、蒸煮损失	杂交猪胴体比延安猪重37.3%，杂交猪的滴水损失和蒸煮损失更低	[80]
杜洛克、巴克夏、嘉兴黑猪	胴体性状：活重、眼肌面积等肉质性状：肌苷酸、肌内脂肪、游离氨基酸含量等	胴体性状(活重、眼肌面积等)杜杜巴嘉杂交猪优于嘉兴黑猪，肉质性状嘉兴黑猪优于杂交猪。FLNC、DUSP4等介导脂肪生成肌肉增殖和分化	[81]
巴克夏猪、广东小耳花猪	繁殖性状：总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重等生长性状：平均日增重、耗料增重比等	巴花猪的初生窝重比广东小耳花猪高16.4%，巴花猪的平均日增重比广东小耳花猪高131.6%	[82]
杜洛克猪、长白猪、约克夏猪	肉质性状：pH值、肉色、大理石花纹等	杜长约杂交猪pH₄₅值较亲本猪下降2%，肉色下降2%	[83]
嘉兴黑猪、巴克夏猪、杜洛克猪、长白猪	胴体性状：胴体重、活重、皮厚、背膘厚等肉质性状：pH值、肉色、大理石花纹等	胴体重巴嘉、杜巴嘉、杜长嘉较嘉兴黑猪分别提升27.8%、62.7%和60%，大理石花纹评分杜×巴×嘉较嘉兴黑猪提升7%	[84]
本地猪(种丫杈猪、青峪猪、凉山猪、内江猪、成华猪、雅南猪)、长白猪、大白猪、川乡黑猪、杜洛克猪	胴体性状：瘦肉率、眼肌面积等生长性状：平均日增重、平均耗料比等	90 kg时杜本猪、川本猪胴体瘦肉率比本地猪提高10%，川巴本三元杂交猪平均日增重比杜本、川本二元杂交猪提高约130g，平均耗料增重比下降约22%	[85]

表1

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杂种优势形成机制和预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用与展望

Heterosis formation mechanism, prediction methods, and their application and prospect in pig production

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