同源四倍体水稻：低育性机理、改良与育种展望

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.23-074

遗传 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 781-792.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.23-074

同源四倍体水稻：低育性机理、改良与育种展望

刘向东^1,^2,³(), 吴锦文^1,^2,³, 陆紫君^1,^2,³, Muhammad Qasim Shahid^1,^2,³

1.华南农业大学，亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室，广州 510642
2.岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室，广州 510642
3.华南农业大学，广东省植物分子育种重点实验室，广州 510642

收稿日期:2023-03-27 修回日期:2023-06-16 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-06-26
通讯作者: 刘向东 E-mail:xdliu@scau.edu.cn
基金资助:
岭南现代农业实验室科研项目(NT2021001);岭南水稻种质资源基地库项目(2023-40)

Autotetraploid rice: challenges and opportunities

Xiangdong Liu^1,^2,³(), Jinwen Wu^1,^2,³, Zijun Lu^1,^2,³, Muhammad Qasim Shahid^1,^2,³

1. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2. Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

Received:2023-03-27 Revised:2023-06-16 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-06-26
Contact: Xiangdong Liu E-mail:xdliu@scau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021001);Base Bank of Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources Project(2023-40)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

同源四倍体水稻具有籽粒增大、营养成分增加和抗性增强等特点，但其育性普遍偏低，影响产量，无法直接应用。高育性四倍体水稻的成功创制解决了同源四倍体水稻育性偏低的瓶颈问题，然而该类型多倍体水稻能否在生产上推广应用需要进一步探讨。本文总结了同源四倍体水稻及其杂种F₁育性偏低的细胞和分子遗传学机理研究的概况，重点介绍了高育性四倍体水稻的主要类型及最新的研究进展，最后提出未来利用新型四倍体水稻开展多代杂种优势等研究的设想，以期为水稻多倍体育种提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 同源四倍体水稻, 新型四倍体水稻, PMeS多倍体水稻, 杂种优势利用

Abstract:

Autotetraploid rice is a type of germplasm developed from the whole genome duplication of diploid rice, leading to large grains, high nutrient content, and resistance. However, its low fertility has reduced yield and hampered commercialization. To address this issue, a new type of high fertility tetraploid rice was developed, which may serve as a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the cellular and molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the low fertility of autotetraploid rice and its F₁hybrid, as well as the main types of new tetraploid rice with high fertility. Lastly, the idea of utilizing the multi-generation heterosis of neo-tetraploid rice in the future is proposed as a reference for polyploid rice breeding.

Key words: rice, autotetraploid rice, neo-tetraploid rice, PMeS polyploid rice, heterosis utilization

刘向东, 吴锦文, 陆紫君, Muhammad Qasim Shahid. 同源四倍体水稻：低育性机理、改良与育种展望[J]. 遗传, 2023, 45(9): 781-792.

Xiangdong Liu, Jinwen Wu, Zijun Lu, Muhammad Qasim Shahid. Autotetraploid rice: challenges and opportunities[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2023, 45(9): 781-792.

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材料	花粉育性（%）	结实率（%）	染色体构型	参考文献
二倍体水稻	96.32±2.67	85.06±8.06	(0.20~0.83) I+(11.17~11.90) II^① (0.16~1.18) I+(11.41~11.92) II^②	[28~30]
同源四倍体水稻	69.10±17.61	33.83±16.05	(0.09~1.03) I+(5.67~13.21) II+(0.04~1.23) III+(4.83~8.71) IV+ (0.00~0.19) V + (0.00~0.36) VI^①(0.25~4.13) I+(5.36~14.54) II+(0.13~1.26) III+(4.49~8.29) IV+ (0.00~0.28) V + (0.00~0.37) VI^②	[10, 11, 17, 21, 26, 29,30,31,32]
二倍体水稻籼粳杂种F₁	30.51±1.63	30.34±19.70	(0.74±0.38) I+(11.26±0.19) II^① (0.23±0.04) I+(11.77±0.11) II^②	[33, 34]
同源四倍体水稻籼粳杂种F₁	52.96±38.49	47.91±12.09	(0.23~0.72) I+(10.26~13.00) II+(0.08~0.64) III+(5.23~6.65) IV^①(0.57~1.33) I+(10.89~15.79) II+(0.05~0.53) III+(3.74~6.27) IV^②	[33~35]
PMeS多倍体水稻	--^③	77.14±3.71	(0.03~0.04) I+(15.83~15.86) II+(0.03~0.04) III+(4.15~4.38) IV+(0.02~0.03) VI^①	[10]
高育性四倍体水稻恢复系	81.27±0.72	72.35±1.91	(0.05~0.11) I+(19.17~19.96) II+(0.01~0.09) III+(2.20~2.26) IV+(0.00~0.01) VI^②	[36]
高育性四倍体水稻恢复系杂种F₁	86.69±1.01	80.5±2.12	(0.06~0.02) I+(14.36~17.67) II+(0.01~0.06) III+(3.10~4.80) IV +(0.00~0.01) VI+(0.00~0.01) VIII^②	[36, 37]
新型四倍体水稻	90.79±5.13	75.21±5.81	(0.06~0.53) I+(4.89~10.17) II+(0.02~0.37) III+(6.85~9.45) IV+(0~0.02) VI^①	[13, 31, 32, 38,39,40,41]
新型四倍体水稻杂种F₁	80.34±4.73	76.42±5.64	(1.62±0.22) I+(8.71±0.40) II+(0.33±0.06) III+(6.84±0.73) IV+(0.01±0.01) V+(0.07±0.03) VI	[31, 32]

同源四倍体水稻：低育性机理、改良与育种展望

Autotetraploid rice: challenges and opportunities

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