芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-366

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 813-820.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-366

• 遗传学教学 • 上一篇

芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索

李占杰¹^,²(), 贾琪¹^,², 郑婷婷¹^,², 王伟¹^,², 张冲¹^,², 秦源¹^,³()

1.福建农林大学作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室，福建省海峡植物应用系统生物学重点实验室，福州 350002
2.福建农林大学农学院，福州 350002
3.福建农林大学生命科学学院，福州 350002

收稿日期:2024-12-24 修回日期:2025-01-14 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-04-07
通讯作者: 秦源，博士，教授，研究方向：植物雌配子体发育的分子机理。E-mail: yuanqin@fafu.edu.cn
作者简介:李占杰，博士，讲师，研究方向：染色体结构与基因组重复序列。E-mail: lzj8705@163.com
基金资助:
福建农林大学本科高校教育教学研究重点项目(111422157)

Application of Brassica plants as materials during the teaching of genetics experiment

Zhanjie Li¹^,²(), Qi Jia¹^,², Tingting Zheng¹^,², Wei Wang¹^,², Chong Zhang¹^,², Yuan Qin¹^,³()

1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Received:2024-12-24 Revised:2025-01-14 Published:2025-07-20 Online:2025-04-07
Supported by:
Key Project of UnderGraduate Education and Teaching Research of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(111422157)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

芸薹属(Brassica)植物包含3个二倍体基本种及由3个基本种两两杂交和基因组加倍形成的复合种，即异源四倍体种，其进化历程一直被用作本科遗传学教学中阐述物种形成和染色体数目变异机制的经典案例。本文以芸薹属植物作为遗传学实验教学材料进行了实践探索，从形态观察到染色体观察，再到染色体倍性和核型分析，形成一个综合性实验体系，让学生从宏观到微观，深入透彻理解染色体倍性与物种形成的关系，领会多倍体形成的理论及其在育种实践中的应用。

关键词: 芸薹属植物, 农林类专业, 遗传学, 实验教学

Abstract:

The Brassica genus includes three diploid species and three amphidiploid species which were formed by the hybridization and genome duplication between pairs of the three diploid species. The evolution process of Brassica species has been used as a classic case to explain the mechanism of speciation and chromosome number variation in undergraduate genetics teaching. In this study, the authors designed a comprehensive experiment using Brassica plants as the experimental teaching material of genetics. The experimental system includes morphological observation, chromosome observation, and analysis of chromosome ploidy and karyotype. This experimental system includes experiments from macro to micro, will help students to understand the relationship between chromosome ploidy and speciation, and will help them to master the theory of polyploid formation and its application in breeding practice.

Key words: Brassica, agriculture and forestry major, genetics, experimental teaching

李占杰, 贾琪, 郑婷婷, 王伟, 张冲, 秦源. 芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(7): 813-820.

Zhanjie Li, Qi Jia, Tingting Zheng, Wei Wang, Chong Zhang, Yuan Qin. Application of Brassica plants as materials during the teaching of genetics experiment[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(7): 813-820.

图/表 5

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 18

[1]	Huang XY, Fan K, Ye YF, Wang B, Wu WR, Lan T. Teaching practice and experiences of verifying the three laws of genetics based on the SSLP marker analysis. Hereditas(Beijing), 2017, 39(9): 856-862.
	黄雪盈, 范凯, 叶炎芳, 汪斌, 吴为人, 兰涛. 基于SSLP分子标记验证遗传学三大定律的教学实践探索与体会. 遗传, 2017, 39(9): 856-862.
[2]	Jia J, Zhang YN, Wang YH, Zhang KJ, Yu JP, Tian J, Yan XR. Design and practice of fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) genetics experimental teaching based on virtual simulation. Exp Sci Technol, 2024, doi: 10.12179/1672-4550.20240326.
	贾佳, 张亚妮, 王玉华, 张科进, 余君萍, 田静, 严兴荣. 基于虚拟仿真的果蝇遗传学实验教学设计与实践. 实验科学与技术, 2024, doi: 10.12179/1672-4550.20240326.
[3]	Tian ET. A brief talk on the teaching method of genetics in agricultural major of university. Educ Teach Forum, 2019, (8): 217-218.
	田恩堂. 大学农学专业《遗传学》课程授课方法浅谈. 教育教学论坛. 2019, (8): 217-218.
[4]	Liu QC. Genetics. 4th ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2020.
	刘庆昌. 遗传学(第四版). 北京: 科学出版社, 2020.
[5]	Zhu J. Genetics. 4th ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2018.
	朱军. 遗传学(第四版). 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2018.
[6]	Nagaharu N. Genome analysis in Brassica with special reference to the experimental formation of B. napus and peculiar mode of fertilization. J Jpn Bot, 1935, 7: 389-452.
[7]	Lan ZP, Luo P. Inducing a kind of experimental material for genetics experimental teaching, Brassica. Hereditas(Beijing), 1991, 13(2): 28-30.
	兰泽蓬, 罗鹏. 介绍一种遗传学教学实验材料——油菜. 遗传, 1991, 13(2): 28-30.
[8]	Li JX, Liu LB, Wei M, Li XX, Zeng XL, Ba XQ, Wang RX. Experimental teaching reform of cell biology: observation of chromosome in prophase I of meiosis. Chin J Cell Biol, 2021, 43(11): 2177-2185.
	李家祥, 刘立波, 魏民, 李晓雪, 曾宪录, 巴雪青, 王若曦. 细胞生物学实验教学改革实践探索——减数分裂前期I染色体的观察. 中国细胞生物学学报, 2021, 43(11): 2177-2185.
[9]	Li GF, He Y, Jia SH, Huang JY, Liu TJ, Hong RX, Li TY, Fan XJ, Wei ZG, Li WX. Optimization of chromosome preparation and karyotype analysis of polyploid watermelons. J South Agric, 2017, 48(4): 663-668.
	李桂芬, 何毅, 覃斯华, 黄金艳, 柳唐镜, 洪日新, 李天艳, 樊学军, 韦正光, 李文信. 多倍体西瓜染色体制片技术改良及其核型分析. 南方农业学报, 2017, 48(4): 663-668.
[10]	Li JJ. Establishment of an efficient FISH detection system for HER2 based on two-color fluorescence probe[Dissertation]. Fuzhou University, 2022.
	李佳佳. 基于双色荧光探针的FISH高效检测HER2体系的建立[学位论文]. 福州大学, 2022.
[11]	Li YJ, Zuo S, Zhang ZL, Li ZJ, Han JL, Chu ZQ, Hasterok R, Wang K. Centromeric DNA characterization in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon provides insights on the evolution of the genus. Plant J, 2018, 93(6): 1088-1101. pmid: 29381236
[12]	Levan A, Fredga K, Sandberg AA. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 1964, 52(2): 201-220.
[13]	Zhang XQ, Li N, Xie XM. Design and exploration of epigenetic comprehensive experiments. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(12): 1179-1187.
	张向前, 李楠, 解新明. 表观遗传学综合性实验设计与探讨. 遗传, 2021, 43(12): 1179-1187.
[14]	Ou XF, Wu Y, Li N, Jiang LL, Liu B, Gong L. Epigenetics comprehensive experimental course based on the integration of science and education to cultivate students' ability of cutting-edge innovation. Hereditas(Beijing), 2023, 45(12): 1158-1168.
	欧秀芳, 吴莹, 李宁, 姜丽丽, 刘宝, 宫磊. 基于科教融合培养大学生拔尖创新能力的表观遗传学综合实验课程. 遗传, 2023, 45(12): 1158-1168.
[15]	Tian YF, Zhu LL, Xu CC, Yang Y, Wei F, Tian BM. Cytological observation of meiotic chromosome behavior in the synthetic Brassica napus (AACC). J Biol, 2018, 35(5): 54-57.
	田燕飞, 朱莉莉, 许聪聪, 杨妍, 位芳, 田保明. 人工合成甘蓝型油菜减数分裂期染色体行为观察. 生物学杂志, 2018, 35(5): 54-57.
[16]	Lv FX. Study on a new stalk vegetable from Brassica chromosome A and C hybridization[Dissertation]. Yunnan University, 2022.
	吕凤仙. 芸薹属A组和C组染色体杂交获得新薹用蔬菜研究[学位论文]. 云南大学, 2022.
[17]	Cheng F, Mandáková T, Wu J, Xie Q, Lysak MA, Wang XW. Deciphering the diploid ancestral genome of the mesohexaploid Brassica rapa. Plant Cell, 2013, 25(5): 1541-1554. pmid: 23653472
[18]	Cheng F, Liang JL, Cai CC, Cai X, Wu J, Wang XW. Genome sequencing supports a multi-vertex model for Brassiceae species. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2017, 36: 79-87. pmid: 28242534

编辑推荐

Metrics

www.chinagene.cn
备案号：京ICP备09063187号-4
总访问:,今日访问:,当前在线:

芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索

Application of Brassica plants as materials during the teaching of genetics experiment

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 18

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	安赛男, 杨欢淳, 姜姗, 李靖轩, 张根发. 融入生物信息学分析的综合性探究型表观遗传学实验设计与探索[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(5): 600-608.
[2]	郭燕, 张大瑾, 朱东丽, 董珊珊, 杨铁林. 遗传学教学改革研究热点及趋势[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(4): 399-408.
[3]	梅利斌, 张译元, 黄娴静, 纪红, 邱乒乒, 丁露, 何雪梅, 李萍. 一例手足裂畸形6型家系的致病变异鉴定及胚胎植入前遗传学检测[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(9): 750-756.
[4]	田盼辉, 许玥, 张永清, 王天云. 遗传病并不一定会遗传：遗传病概念的中文翻译与建议[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(9): 673-676.
[5]	林剑青, 叶绍潘, 王树启, 杜虹. 保护生物学思想在遗传学课程教学过程中的渗透[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(7): 581-586.
[6]	刘岱缘, 张朝晖, 康现江. 精子染色质完整性对功能的影响及其检测方法研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(7): 511-529.
[7]	毛春晓. 基于色盲遗传学教学素材的挖掘及其在教学中应用[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(4): 346-354.
[8]	曹振林, 李金红, 周铭辉, 张曼婷, 王宁, 陈一飞, 李嘉欣, 祝青松, 宫雯珺, 杨绪晨, 方小龙, 和家贤, 李美娜. 大豆花药优势表达基因GmFLA22a调控雄性育性的功能研究[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(4): 333-345.
[9]	朱信, 金鑫, 刘俊, 杨澜, 邹丽馨, 李彩霞, 黄江, 江丽. 基于Y-SNP和Y-STR揭示汉族人群父系遗传关系[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(2): 149-167.
[10]	石译, 余垚, 吕奕琳, 吕红. 遗传上位效应的教学实验设计与实践[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(11): 958-970.
[11]	王艳妮, 李佳. 单细胞DNA甲基化测序数据处理流程与分析方法[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(10): 807-819.
[12]	张茂, 王艳艳, 白云, 陈雪丹, 郭洪. 医学遗传学教学案例库的建设探究[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(1): 78-87.
[13]	安钧浩, 赵雪莹, 乔守怡, 卢大儒, 皮妍. 现代计算机技术在遗传学实验教学中的应用——移动端轻量级高精度果蝇遗传性状批量识别系统的开发[J]. 遗传, 2023, 45(4): 354-363.
[14]	马捷, 黄露杰, 张巧霞, 朱艳, 钱露. 以A2型短指(趾)症为案例的医学遗传学PBL教学设计[J]. 遗传, 2023, 45(2): 176-183.
[15]	欧秀芳, 吴莹, 李宁, 姜丽丽, 刘宝, 宫磊. 基于科教融合培养大学生拔尖创新能力的表观遗传学综合实验课程[J]. 遗传, 2023, 45(12): 1158-1168.