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• 研究报告 •    

成年猪胃不同部位黏膜微生物组多样性研究

胡思雨1,杨若菡1,刘正江1,蔡怡菲1,邓娟23,曾博23,李明洲23,孔繁丽123   

  1. 1. 四川农业大学生命科学学院, 雅安 625014

    2. 四川农业大学猪禽种业全国重点实验室, 成都 611130

    3. 四川农业大学动物科技学院农业农村部畜禽生物组学重点实验室, 成都 611130

  • 收稿日期:2025-03-19 修回日期:2025-06-04 出版日期:2025-06-06 发布日期:2025-06-06
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目;国家自然科学基金项目;四川省科技计划项目;四川省科技计划项目;中国博士后面上项目;江苏省高校家畜种质资源与遗传改良国际合作联合实验室;国家自然科学基金项目;国家自然科学基金项目

Study on the microbial diversity and composition at different regions of stomach in adult pigs 

Siyu Hu1Ruohan Yang1Zhengjiang Liu1Yifei Cai1, Juan Deng2, 3Bo Zeng2, 3Mingzhou Li2, 3Fanli Kong1, 2, 3   

  1. 1. College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China

    2. State Key Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

    3. Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

  • Received:2025-03-19 Revised:2025-06-04 Published:2025-06-06 Online:2025-06-06

摘要:

为分析猪胃不同解剖学部位微生物多样性和组成特征,本研究以成年“长×大”DL二元杂交母猪为研究对象,采集胃食管沟、胃底、胃体小弯、胃体大弯、胃窦中部、胃憩室、幽门圆枕和幽门 8 个部位黏膜样品,对各部位微生物16S rRNA V3-V4高变区进行高通量测序并进行分析。结果发现,猪胃 8 个部位微生物多样性存在差异。胃底和胃体大弯的微生物多样性和丰富度较高;而食管沟、胃体小弯、胃窦中部、胃憩室、幽门圆枕与幽门微生物多样性和丰富度较低。猪胃 8 个部位主要由厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)组成。在食管沟和胃窦中部还发现,蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)的相对含量也较高。但是,不同部位的优势菌属则存在较大差异。食管沟、胃底、胃体小弯和胃体大弯的优势菌为乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus),胃窦中部的优势菌为代尔夫特菌属(Delftia)和金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium),胃憩室和幽门的优势菌为拟杆菌属Bacteroides,幽门圆枕的优势菌为变形杆菌Proteus。进一步对各部位微生物的功能分析显示,胃内发挥代谢功能和细胞活动最活跃的区域位于食管沟和胃体小弯。上述研究结果为后续深入理解胃的生理结构和功能提供参考数据。

关键词: 猪, 胃, 黏膜微生物, 16S扩增子高通量测序, 生物信息学分析

Abstract:

To investigate the microbial composition and diversity across distinct anatomical regions of the porcine stomach, this study took adult "Landrace × Yorkshire" hybrid pigs as the research subjects. Mucosal samples were collected from eight regions, including gastroesophageal groove, gastric fundus, lesser curvature of the gastric body, greater curvature of the gastric body, middle antrum of the gastric antrum, gastric diverticulum, round pillow of the pylorus, and pylorus, and subjected by high-throughput sequencing targeting the microbial 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions. The results showed that obvious difference in microbial diversity among the eight stomach regions. The gastric fundus and gastric body greater curvature exhibited higher microbial diversity and richness, while the esophageal groove, gastric body lesser curvature, gastric antrum middle section, gastric diverticulum, pyloric bulge, and pylorus showed lower diversity and richness. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria constituted the predominant phyla across all eight regions of the pig stomach were . Notably, a relatively high abundance of Cyanobacteria was also detected in the esophageal groove and gastric antrum middle section. However, the dominant genera varied substantially across regions. Lactobacillus predominated in the esophageal groove, fundus, lesser curvature, and greater curvature. Delftia and Chryseobacterium were dominant in the mid-antrum. Bacteroides dominated in the gastric diverticulum and pylorus. Proteus was the dominant genus in the pyloric torus. Further functional analysis of stomach microbiome indicated the regions with the most active metabolic processes and cellular activity within the stomach were the esophageal groove and lesser curvature of the gastric body. These findings provide valuable reference data for future research on the physiological structure and function of the stomach.

Key words: pig, stomach, mucosal microbiota, 16S amplicon high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics analysis