小麦养分高效利用育种新方法的实践与思考

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.25-006

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 300-307.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-006

小麦养分高效利用育种新方法的实践与思考

童依平(), 滕婉, 凌宏清, 张爱民

中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所，北京 100101

收稿日期:2025-01-03 修回日期:2025-01-24 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-02-17
通讯作者: 童依平，博士，研究员，研究方向：小麦营养遗传学。E-mail: yptong@genetics.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32072660)

Thinking and practices of new methods for breeding wheat with improved nutrient use efficiency

Yiping Tong(), Wan Teng, Hongqing Ling, Aimin Zhang

Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2025-01-03 Revised:2025-01-24 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-02-17
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072660)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

20世纪90年代初，李振声从我国基本国情出发提出走资源节约型高产农业道路的可持续农业发展观，开展了作物高效利用营养元素的育种探索，开创了以提高磷、氮吸收和利用效率为主，以“少投入、多产出、保护环境、持续发展”为目标的小麦育种新方向，引领并极大地推动了我国农业“第二次绿色革命”。2024年9月，李振声院士被授予了“共和国勋章”。本文总结了李振声倡导育种新方向的战略考量，以及如何布局开展小麦磷高效利用的生理和遗传基础研究，以此向李振声院士在作物营养高效利用研究领域作出的出色工作致敬，期望能进一步展现李振声的治学方法和精神为后来者提供借鉴。

关键词: 养分高效利用, 农业可持续发展, 小麦, 育种新方法

Abstract:

In the early 1990s, based on China’s basic national conditions, Li Zhensheng put forward the concept of sustainable agricultural development that took the path of resource-conserving and high-yield agriculture. He carried out breeding explorations on the efficient use of mineral nutrients by crops and pioneered a new direction for wheat breeding with the goals of “less input, more output, environmental protection, and sustainable development”, mainly focusing on improving the absorption and utilization efficiency of phosphorus and nitrogen. He has led and greatly promoted “the Second Green Revolution” in China’s agriculture. In September 2024, Academician Li Zhensheng was awarded the “Medal of the Republic”. This review summarizes Academician Li Zhensheng’s strategic considerations in advocating the new direction of breeding and how he arranged to conduct research on the physiological and genetic basis of phosphorus efficient use in wheat. By doing so, we pay tribute to the outstanding work done by Academician Li Zhensheng in the research field of nutrient-efficient use by crops, and it is expected to further demonstrate Li Zhensheng’s academic approaches and spirit so as to provide references for those who come after him.

Key words: efficient use of nutrients, sustainable agricultural development, wheat, new breeding method

童依平, 滕婉, 凌宏清, 张爱民. 小麦养分高效利用育种新方法的实践与思考[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(3): 300-307.

Yiping Tong, Wan Teng, Hongqing Ling, Aimin Zhang. Thinking and practices of new methods for breeding wheat with improved nutrient use efficiency[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(3): 300-307.

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小麦养分高效利用育种新方法的实践与思考

Thinking and practices of new methods for breeding wheat with improved nutrient use efficiency

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博士生姓名	博士论文题目	毕业时间
刘建中	不同生产发展阶段普通小麦品种与小麦-黑麦附加系有效利用土壤磷特性鉴定与遗传分析	1995
孔令旗	不同倍性小麦种质与小麦-中间偃麦草异附加系有效利用土壤磷营养特性的遗传分析	1995
李玉京	长穗偃麦草-中国春异附加系、异代换系及灯芯偃麦草-中国春异附加系与中国春缺四体磷利用效率特性鉴定及遗传分析	1996
邢宏燕	“磷高效”小麦种质筛选方法研究	1996
李文胜	小麦花培DH群体的创建及其磷效率特性鉴定与遗传规律研究	1997

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