遗传 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 599-610.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.19-081

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川省小麦育成品种系谱分析及发展进程

郑建敏1,罗江陶1,万洪深1,李式昭1,杨漫宇1,李俊1,杨恩年1,蒋云2,刘于斌3,王相权4,蒲宗君1()   

  1. 1. 四川省农业科学院作物研究所,农业农村部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,成都 610066
    2. 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所,成都 610066
    3. 四川省凉山州西昌农科所,西昌 615000
    4. 四川省内江市农业科学院,内江 641000
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-08 修回日期:2019-06-04 出版日期:2019-07-20 发布日期:2019-06-19
  • 通讯作者: 蒲宗君 E-mail:pzjun68@163.com
  • 作者简介:郑建敏,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向：小麦遗传育种与资源利用。E-mail: jianminxingzheng@yeah.net|罗江陶,博士,助理研究员,研究方向：小麦遗传育种与细胞学研究。E-mail:715644470@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101600);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100905);四川省科技计划项目(2016NYZ0012);四川省科技计划项目(2017JY0077);四川省科技计划项目(2018JY0627);四川省财政创新能力提升工程项目(2016ZYPZ-016);四川省育种攻关项目资助(2016NYZ0030)

Pedigree and development of wheat varieties in Sichuan Province

Jianmin Zheng1,Jiangtao Luo1,Hongshen Wan1,Shizhao Li1,Manyu Yang1,Jun Li1,Ennian Yang1,Yun Jiang2,Yubin Liu3,Xiangquan Wang4,Zongjun Pu1()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066, China
    2. Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences ,Chengdu 610066, China
    3. Liangshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xichang 615000, China
    4. Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang 641000, China
  • Received:2019-03-08 Revised:2019-06-04 Online:2019-07-20 Published:2019-06-19
  • Contact: Pu Zongjun E-mail:pzjun68@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101600);Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0100905);The Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province(2016NYZ0012);The Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province(2017JY0077);The Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province(2018JY0627);The Innovation Capacity Improvement Project of Sichuan Finance(2016ZYPZ-016);The Breeding Research Project of Sichuan Province(2016NYZ0030)

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摘要：

品种系谱蕴含亲本来源、选育方式、亲缘关系等大量信息,对揭示农作物品种演变特点、规律并最终指导育种实践具有重要意义。本文汇总了四川省1936~2017年间326个小麦品种的系谱信息,对育种方式、亲本构成、高频亲本及骨干亲本的变化、遗传贡献、易位系及人工合成种质分布等情况进行了梳理与分析。从20世纪30年代至今,四川省育种家从大量材料中选用387个直接亲本,采用杂交育种等方式,配制数千个组合,从256个组合中选育出314个品种,对四川省小麦生产做出了重要贡献,同时也为小麦育种提供了更为优异的材料基础。四川省小麦育种经历了从无到有,从主要依靠引进材料、地方品种到自主创制材料的过程;高频亲本、骨干亲本随育种进程推进而逐渐变化。易位系和人工合成种质对四川省小麦育种贡献巨大。育种目标的一致性必然导致遗传多样性散失和遗传基础脆弱,今后重点应加强资源的创制、保护和利用。本文通过育成品种的系谱梳理,对四川省小麦的育种发展进程进行了分析,以期为未来种质资源的收集创制和育种研究提供重要参考信息。

关键词: 小麦育种, 系谱, 遗传贡献, 遗传多样性, 易位系, 人工合成种质

Abstract:

Variety pedigree contains a lot of information, including parental origin, breeding methods, genetic relationship, and so on. Studying them could reveal the evolution characteristics and rules of breeding and ultimately guide practice. The pedigrees of 326 wheat varieties from 1936 to 2017 in the history of the Sichuan Province was collected and analyzed in terms of breeding methods, parental composition, changes of high frequency parents and backbone parents, genetic contribution, distribution of translocation lines and synthetic germplasms. Over the past 80 years since 1930s, breeders have selected 387 direct parents from a large number of materials, made 256 combinations by means of cross breeding, and have released 314 varieties from them, which contributed directly to wheat breeding and production in Sichuan. Wheat breeding experienced a process from utilizing landraces, introducing foreign germplasm to creating breeding materials independently; high-frequency parents and backbone parents used for breeding gradually changed in different stage of the breeding history. Synthetic germplasms contributed greatly to wheat breeding in recent years. The consistency of breeding objectives will inevitably lead to the loss of genetic diversity and the fragility of genetic basis. In the future, the protection and utilization of genetic resources should be strengthened. In this review, the development of wheat breeding in Sichuan was summarized through pedigree analysis, in order to provide a reference for future research.

Key words: wheat breeding, pedigree, genetic contribution, genetic diversity, translocation lines, synthetic germplasm