piRNA抑制基因转座的分子机制

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.18-072

遗传 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 445-450.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.18-072

piRNA抑制基因转座的分子机制

刘启鹏,安妮,岑山(),李晓宇()

中国医学科学院&北京协和医学院,医药生物技术研究所免疫生物学室,北京 100050

收稿日期:2018-03-22 修回日期:2018-05-16 出版日期:2018-06-20 发布日期:2018-05-21
通讯作者: 岑山,李晓宇 E-mail:shancen@hotmail.com;xiaoyulik@hotmail.com
作者简介:刘启鹏,硕士研究生,专业方向：宿主因子对转座子的调控机制的研究。E-mail: Mrqipengliu@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目资助(31270210);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程基金项目资助(2016-I2M-2-0020)

Molecular mechanisms of genetic transposition inhibition by piRNA

Liu Qipeng,An Ni,Cen Shan(),Li Xiaoyu()

Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ＆ Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China

Received:2018-03-22 Revised:2018-05-16 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-05-21
Contact: Cen Shan,Li Xiaoyu E-mail:shancen@hotmail.com;xiaoyulik@hotmail.com
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270210);Supported by CAMS innovation fund for Medical Sciences(2016-I2M-2-0020)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

转座子是一类可以在染色体上或不同染色体间自由移动的DNA。在高等生物中,处于活跃状态的转座子多为通过RNA中间体进行转座的逆转录转座子。由于逆转录转座子在细胞基因组中占有很高的比例,它的频繁转座能引起细胞基因组结构和功能的改变,导致癌症等严重基因疾病的发生,因此宿主细胞在长期的进化中形成了多种自我保护机制用以控制逆转录转座子活性。属于非编码小RNA的piRNA以其独特的机制在转录及转录后水平控制逆转录转座子RNA中间体的产生,抑制了逆转录转座过程的发生。本文总结了近年来piRNA控制转座子转座相关分子机制的研究进展,以期为转座子及基因调控方面的研究工作提供一些参考。

关键词: 转座子, 逆转录转座子, 非编码小干扰RNA, piRNA

Abstract:

Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA elements that can change their position within or between chromosomes. Most active TEs are retrotransposons, which transpose through a RNA intermediate. Since retrotransposons comprise high proportions in cell genomes, their frequent transposition may cause deleterious effects on the structure and function of the host cell genomes, thus causing serious genetic diseases such as cancer. Host cells therefore developed defense strategies to restrict these mobile elements. piRNA, which belongs to non-coding interfering RNAs, can efficiently decrease the level of retrotransposon RNA intermediates at transcriptional or post-transcriptional stages. In this review, we summarize the progress in mechanisms of piRNA-mediated retrotransposon inhibition. We hope that this review may shed light on the research of transposon and genome regulation.

Key words: transposable element, retrotransposon, non-coding interfering RNA, piRNA

刘启鹏, 安妮, 岑山, 李晓宇. piRNA抑制基因转座的分子机制[J]. 遗传, 2018, 40(6): 445-450.

Liu Qipeng, An Ni, Cen Shan, Li Xiaoyu. Molecular mechanisms of genetic transposition inhibition by piRNA[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2018, 40(6): 445-450.

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piRNA抑制基因转座的分子机制

Molecular mechanisms of genetic transposition inhibition by piRNA

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