遗传 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 423-429.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.17-029

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ABO血型综合实验基因分型技术简化及其群体遗传分析拓展

胡健1(),周逸人1(),丁佳琳1(),王志远1,刘凌2,王业开1,娄慧玲1,乔守怡1(),吴燕华1()   

  1. 1. 复旦大学生命科学学院,上海 200433
    2. 复旦大学医学院,上海 200032
  • 收稿日期:2017-01-20 修回日期:2017-03-27 出版日期:2017-04-12 发布日期:2017-12-25
  • 作者简介:胡健,本科在读,专业方向：生物科学。Tel: 021-54237410; E-mail: jianhu12@fudan.edu.cn|周逸人,本科在读,专业方向：生物技术。Tel: 021-51630594; E-mail: 14307110146@fudan.edu.cn|丁佳琳,本科在读,专业方向：生物科学。Tel: 021-51630555; E-mail: 14307110346@fudan.edu.cn|乔守怡,教授,博士生导师。研究方向：人类医学与分子遗传学。Tel: 021-65643716; E-mail: syqiao@fudan.edu.cn|吴燕华,副教授,硕士生导师。研究方向：人类医学与分子遗传学。Tel: 021-51630593; E-mail: yanhuawu@fudan.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家基础学科人才培养基金项目(编号：J1210012)和上海市教委本科教学质量与教学改革计划资助[Supported by Undergraduate Training Project of National Science Foundation of China (No. J1210012) and Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission]

Simplification of genotyping techniques of the ABO blood type experiment and exploration of population genetics

Jian Hu1(),Yiren Zhou1(),Jialin Ding1(),Zhiyuan Wang1,Ling Liu2,Yekai Wang1,Huiling Lou1,Shouyi Qiao1(),Yanhua Wu1()   

  1. 1. School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
    2. Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  • Received:2017-01-20 Revised:2017-03-27 Online:2017-04-12 Published:2017-12-25

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摘要：

ABO血型是生活中最常见、运用最广泛的遗传性状之一。人类ABO血型由I A、I B和i 3个复等位基因决定,它们负责编码不同的糖基转移酶,进而决定3种血红细胞表面抗原。ABO血型涉及复等位基因、基因互作、单核苷酸多态(SNP)、基因演化等多个关键知识内容,是理想的遗传学教学案例。本文以ABO血型为研究对象,对遗传学实验进行了创新与整合。首先,在分子遗传学模块中建立了新颖的ABO血型基因分型方法：基于SNP位点设计特异性引物,通过实时定量PCR鉴定基因型; 其次,在群体遗传学模块中创新了基因演化的实验教学方法,开发群体遗传学软件,利用计算机模拟不同条件下ABO血型决定基因频率的演化趋势。这些教学改革举措旨在丰富遗传学实验内容,拓展教学手段,提高学习效率。

关键词: ABO血型, 遗传学教学, 教学改革, 基因分型, 群体遗传学

Abstract:

The ABO blood type is one of the most common and widely used genetic traits in humans. Three glycosyltransferase-encoding gene alleles, IA, IB and i, produce three red blood cell surface antigens, by which the ABO blood type is classified. By using the ABO blood type experiment as an ideal case for genetics teaching, we can easily introduce to the students several genetic concepts, including multiple alleles, gene interaction, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and gene evolution. Herein we have innovated and integrated our ABO blood type genetics experiments. First, in the section of Molecular Genetics, a new method of ABO blood genotyping was established: specific primers based on SNP sites were designed to distinguish three alleles through quantitative real-time PCR. Next, the experimental teaching method of Gene Evolution was innovated in the Population Genetics section: a gene-evolution software was developed to simulate the evolutionary tendency of the ABO genotype encoding alleles under diverse conditions. Our reform aims to extend the contents of genetics experiments, to provide additional teaching approaches, and to improve the learning efficiency of our students eventually.

Key words: ABO blood type, genetic teaching, teaching reformation, genotyping, population genetics