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类花生酸在昆虫免疫中的作用研究进展

赵益敏1 , 李睿萱1, 秦子怡1, 王勇1,2   

  1. 1. 沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院,沈阳 110866

    2. 辽宁省昆虫资源专业技术创新中心,沈阳 110866
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-27 修回日期:2025-01-13 出版日期:2025-02-13 发布日期:2025-02-13
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31902213),现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(编号:CARS-18)和辽宁省科技重大专项(编号:2024JH1/11700009)资助

Progress on the role of eicosanoids in insect immunity

Yimin Zhao1,Ruixuan Li1, Ziyi Qin1, Yong Wang1,2   

  1. 1. College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China

    2. Insect Resource Innovation Center for Professional Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
  • Received:2024-09-27 Revised:2025-01-13 Published:2025-02-13 Online:2025-02-13
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 31902213), the Earmarked Fund for China Agricultural Research System (No. CARS-18) and the Major Science and Technology Projects of Liaoning Province (No. 2024JH1/11700009)

摘要: 类花生酸(eicosanoids)是由花生四烯酸通过环氧化酶或脂氧合酶代谢产生的C20不饱和脂肪酸氧化后的代谢物统称,主要包括前列腺素类、血栓素、环氧二十碳三烯酸类和白细胞三烯类等。类花生酸介导了昆虫体内多个生理过程,如马氏管和卵巢卵泡等组织的生长发育和细胞的免疫反应。类花生酸在调节昆虫血细胞清除细菌、真菌、寄生物及病毒等细胞免疫和体液免疫通路中发挥着重要作用。本文对类花生酸合成的途径、参与昆虫细胞免疫应答类型及类花生酸与体液免疫之间的联系和影响因素进行了综述,有助于明确其合成途径中的关键酶类及其抑制剂,了解类花生酸在昆虫免疫中的作用,为昆虫病原物与宿主之间的互作机制研究提供理论指导。

关键词: 类花生酸, 昆虫, 免疫, 花生四烯酸, 前列腺素, 免疫介质

Abstract: Eicosanoids are synthesized from arachidonic acid, which are oxygenated metabolites of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids through cyclooxygenases (COXs) or lipoxygenases (LOXs). Eicosanoids include prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and leukotrienes (LTs), etc. Eicosanoids mediate a number of physiological processes in insects, such as Malpighian tubule and ovary development, or immune response. They play the important roles in regulating cellular immune processes to clear bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses by hemocytes and the humoral immune pathways. In this review, we summarize the pathways of eicosanoids synthesis, different types of insect immune response and relationship between eicosanoids and humoral immune system. Understanding the role of eicosanoids in insect immune system, and key enzymes or inhibitors in the pathway of eicosanoids synthesis, will provide theoretical guide for the research in pathogen and insects interaction.

Key words: eicosanoids, insect, immunity, arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, immune mediators