神经系统细胞外囊泡研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-372

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 1197-1213.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-372

神经系统细胞外囊泡研究进展

陈佳强¹^,²(), 丁梅¹^,²()

1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所，北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100093

收稿日期:2025-04-12 修回日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2025-07-07 发布日期:2025-07-07
通讯作者: 丁梅，博士，研究员，研究方向：神经系统发育的分子机制。E-mail: mding@genetics.ac.cn
作者简介:陈佳强，博士研究生，专业方向：神经生物学。E-mail: jiaqiang.chen@genetics.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31921002)

Progress on extracellular vesicles in the nervous system

Jiaqiang Chen¹^,²(), Mei Ding¹^,²()

1. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2025-04-12 Revised:2025-06-20 Published:2025-07-07 Online:2025-07-07
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31921002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles, EVs)是由细胞释放到细胞外微环境的膜包被的颗粒。在神经系统中，EVs是介导生物分子运输和细胞间通讯的关键载体，它们深度参与调控生理稳态与病理级联反应，同时在疾病诊断与治疗领域展现出重要应用价值。本文系统综述了神经元与胶质细胞源性EVs的功能异质性及研究进展，以期为阐明EVs在神经系统的多样化角色提供理论依据。

关键词: 细胞外囊泡, 神经元, 胶质细胞

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released by cells into the extracellular microenvironment. In the nervous system, EVs serve as critical mediators of biomolecule trafficking and intercellular communication. These vesicles are deeply involved in orchestrating physiological homeostasis and pathological cascades, while demonstrating significant potential for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In this review, we systematically summarize the functional heterogeneity and research advances in neuron- and glial cell-derived EVs, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the diverse roles of EVs in the nervous system.

Key words: extracellular vesicles, neuron, glial cell

陈佳强, 丁梅. 神经系统细胞外囊泡研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(11): 1197-1213.

Jiaqiang Chen, Mei Ding. Progress on extracellular vesicles in the nervous system[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(11): 1197-1213.

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