染色质相关RNA的m6A修饰调控染色质可及性与基因转录研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.25-129

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 1186-1196.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-129

染色质相关RNA的m⁶A修饰调控染色质可及性与基因转录研究进展

任佳琳(), 童依泽, 蔡瑞()

西北农林科技大学动物科技学院，陕西省动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室，杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2025-05-07 修回日期:2025-07-22 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
通讯作者: 蔡瑞，博士，副教授，研究方向：猪遗传改良与繁殖技术。E-mail: cairui1663@nwafu.edu.cn
作者简介:任佳琳，本科生，专业方向：动物遗传育种与繁殖。E-mail: renjl@nwafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32202642);国家生猪产业技术体系(CARS-35-PIG)

Advances of m⁶A modification of chromatin-associated RNAs regulating chromatin accessibility and gene transcription

Jialin Ren(), Yize Tong, Rui Cai()

Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Received:2025-05-07 Revised:2025-07-22 Published:2025-11-20 Online:2025-08-18
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202642);Earmarked Fund for(CARS-35-PIG)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

染色质相关RNA(chromatin-associated RNAs，caRNAs)是一类与染色质结构及功能密切相关的RNA，通过顺式、反式或顺-反式联合的方式与染色质互作，从而调控基因表达，保证细胞过程的有序进行。N⁶-甲基腺苷(N⁶-methyladenosine，m⁶A)是真核生物RNA中普遍存在且动态可逆的一种表观遗传修饰，在多种生物学过程中发挥重要的调控作用。caRNAs的m⁶A修饰能在转录水平调控染色质可及性与基因表达，维持机体的正常生命功能。本文对m⁶A修饰的caRNAs与染色质的互作机制及其对基因表达的作用进行了总结，以期为解析基因转录调控的分子机理提供科学依据与思路。

关键词: 染色质相关RNA, m⁶A修饰, 染色质可及性, 转录调控

Abstract:

Chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs), closely related to chromatin structure and functions, are a class of RNAs that interact with chromatin in cis, trans, or cis-trans cooperation modes, regulating gene expression and maintaining the orderly progression of cellular processes. N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is a ubiquitous and dynamically reversible epigenetic modification in eukaryotic RNAs, playing an important regulatory role in a variety of biological processes. m⁶A modification of chromatin-associated RNAs can regulate chromatin accessibility and gene expression at the transcriptional level, maintaining the normal functions of organisms. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of m⁶A-modified caRNAs-chromatin interactions and their role in gene expression, with the aim of providing scientific basis and ideas for the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of gene transcriptional regulation.

Key words: chromatin-associated RNAs, m⁶A modification, chromatin accessibility, transcriptional regulation

任佳琳, 童依泽, 蔡瑞. 染色质相关RNA的m⁶A修饰调控染色质可及性与基因转录研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(11): 1186-1196.

Jialin Ren, Yize Tong, Rui Cai. Advances of m⁶A modification of chromatin-associated RNAs regulating chromatin accessibility and gene transcription[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(11): 1186-1196.

图/表 2

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caRNAs	m⁶A机制	m⁶A水平	功能	参考文献
新生RNA(包括pre-mRNA、 PROMPTs、eRNA)	METTL3; METTL14; WTAP	上调	促进新生RNA的合成及有效转录	[24]
pre-mRNA Sxl	MTC; YTHDC1	下调	影响果蝇性别分化	[25]
lncRNA XIST	METTL3; YTHDC1	上调	促进X染色质的失活	[26]
lncRNA XIST	METTL14; YTHDF2	上调	促进lncRNA XIST降解	[27]
circRNA	METTL3; METTL14; YTHDF3; FTO	上调	驱动并增强circRNA的翻译	[33]
U6 snRNA	METTL16	上调	影响剪接体的组装或识别	[28,31]
重复RNA LINE1	METTL3; YTHDC1; FTO	上调/下调	调控LINE1的生命周期与转座以及基因组中LINE1相邻基因的表达	[35]
carRNAs(包括paRNA、eRNA、重复RNA)	METTL3; YTHDC1	上调/下调	调控carRNAs的稳定性以及染色质状态和下游基因表达	[37]

染色质相关RNA的m⁶A修饰调控染色质可及性与基因转录研究进展

Advances of m⁶A modification of chromatin-associated RNAs regulating chromatin accessibility and gene transcription

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