摘要： 本文从小麦遗传图谱、物理图谱、比较基因组、基因组测序和EST 5个方面，介绍国内外小麦基因组的研究进展。我们利用W7984×Opata重组近交系的RFLP作图群体，对33个与小麦水分利用效率有关的性状进行了QTL遗传图谱比较分析，结果显明：在第一部分同源群染色体（1A，1B）上的着丝粒周围，分布有控制光合作用和根系特性的基因簇。在第二部分同源染色体上，有控制单株水分利用效率、根冠形态和生长发育的基因簇存在。在第六部分同源染色体上，6A和6B上都分别有由控制根系多个QTL组成的基因簇，6D染色体着丝粒周围有一个大的基因簇，由7个控制叶片和单株水分利用效率的QTL组成，说明第六部分同源染色体在小麦水分利用效率遗传方面起重要作用。
Abstract:Research development of genetic mapping,physics mapping,genome sequencing and expressed sequence tags in wheat have been reviewed in this paper.RFLP genetic linkage map of wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from W7984×Opata,was used to study QTL of 33 traits associated with water use efficiency.Compared with QTL map of 7 group homeologues chromosomes,the results were showed as follows:nearby the centromeric region of 1A and 1B chromosome,the gene cluster of controlling photosynthetic and root traits were located.The gene clusters of controlling water use efficiency per plant,root and plant height and growth rate were located on the 2 group chromosomes.The gene clusters of controlling root traits were located on the 6A an 6B chromosome,there was a big gene cluster mad up by 7 QTLs controlling water use efficiency of wheat leaf and per plant nearby the centromeric region of 6D chromosome.It showed that 6th homeologous chromosomes play an important role in controlling water use efficiency in wheat.