遗传 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 827-835.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.19-151

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

重新设计与快速驯化创造新型作物

杨新萍1,3,于媛1,2,3,许操1,3()   

  1. 1. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,植物基因组学国家重点实验室,种子创新研究院,北京 100101
    2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3. 中国科学院-英国约翰英纳斯中心植物和微生物科学联合研究中心,北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-28 修回日期:2019-07-30 出版日期:2019-09-20 发布日期:2019-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 许操 E-mail:caoxu@genetics.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:杨新萍,博士后,研究方向：基因编辑及作物定向驯化。E-mail: xinping.yang@genetics.ac.cn|于媛,博士研究生,研究方向：基因编辑及作物定向驯化。E-mail:yuyuan@genetics.ac.cn
    杨新萍和于媛并列第一作者。
  • 基金资助:
    中组部青年千人计划项目资助

De novo domestication to create new crops

Xinping Yang1,3,Yuan Yu1,2,3,Cao Xu1,3()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Chinese Academy of Sciences-John Innes Centre (CAS-JIC), Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Beijing 100101, China;
  • Received:2019-05-28 Revised:2019-07-30 Online:2019-09-20 Published:2019-08-21
  • Contact: Xu Cao E-mail:caoxu@genetics.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the Thousand Younth Talents Program

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摘要：

作物驯化和遗传改良对于产量性状的过分追求常导致其抗逆性和遗传多样性的降低,在全球气候变化加剧和自然灾害频发的大背景下,该效应使得世界粮食稳产和食物安全面临威胁,亟需创新育种策略。作物重新设计与快速驯化是指选用耐逆、品质营养等性状或其他目标性状优异的野生或者半野生植物,综合运用基因组学、基因编辑和合成生物学等方法,对其农艺性状进行重新设计,在保持其原有优异性状的前提下,快速驯化获得新型作物的全新育种策略。本文回顾了作物驯化的发展历程及其对农业发展和人类文明的贡献,着重阐述了育种策略创新的紧迫性,并对作物重新设计与快速驯化创造新型作物的可行性、最新进展和发展前景进行探讨和展望。

关键词: 作物重新设计, 快速驯化, 野生资源, 基因编辑

Abstract:

Crop improvement by domestication and traditional breeding often results in fitness penalties and loss of genetic diversity, which greatly threatens crop production and food security under the challenging global climate. De novo domestication has been proposed as a novel strategy for crop breeding. By combining multi-omics, genome editing and synthetic biology approaches, domestication of wild or semi-wild plant species can be accelerated by rapidly introducing desirable traits without causing an associated drag on their inherent traits. In this review, we summarize the history of crop domestication, emphasize the urgency for breeding strategy innovation, and discuss recent progress of de novo crop domestication.

Key words: de novo crop design, fast domestication, wild species, genome editing