选择性多聚腺苷酸化的生物学效应及其调控机制研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.20-200

遗传 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 4-15.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-200

选择性多聚腺苷酸化的生物学效应及其调控机制研究进展

徐海冬^1,^2,³, 宁博林^1,^2,³, 牟芳^1,^2,³, 李辉^1,^2,³, 王宁^1,^2,³()

^1. 农业农村部鸡遗传育种重点实验室,哈尔滨 150030
^2. 黑龙江省普通高等学校动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,哈尔滨 150030
^3. 东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,哈尔滨150030

收稿日期:2020-07-07 修回日期:2020-10-19 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2020-12-11
通讯作者: 王宁 E-mail:wangning@neau.edu.cn
作者简介:徐海冬,在读博士研究生,专业方向：动物遗传育种与繁殖。E-mail: 1689512382@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目编号(31572392);国家自然科学基金项目编号(3187131154);农业部产业体系项目资助编号(CARS-41)

Advances of functional consequences and regulation mechanisms of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation

Haidong Xu^1,^2,³, Bolin Ning^1,^2,³, Fang Mu^1,^2,³, Hui Li^1,^2,³, Ning Wang^1,^2,³()

^1. Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
^2. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
^3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

Received:2020-07-07 Revised:2020-10-19 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2020-12-11
Contact: Wang Ning E-mail:wangning@neau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos(31572392);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos(3187131154);the China Agriculture Research System No(CARS-41)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

真核生物基因的前体mRNA (pre-mRNA)及一些lncRNA在成熟过程中其3'端会发生剪切和多聚腺苷酸化反应(cleavage and polyadenylation, C/P),C/P的发生需要多聚腺苷酸化信号(polyadenylation signal, PAS)的存在。选择性多聚腺苷酸化(alternative cleavage and polyadenylation, APA)是指具有多个PAS的基因,在其mRNA 3?端成熟过程中,由于选择不同的PAS,导致产生出多个3'UTR长度和序列组成不同的转录异构体。3?UTR长度和序列的不同会影响mRNA的稳定性、翻译效率、运输和细胞定位等,因此APA是真核生物的一个重要转录后调控方式。近年来,对大量动物、植物及酵母的基因组测序分析发现,APA在真核生物广泛存在,针对APA的生物学效应和调控机制开展了一系列研究。目前已鉴定出许多APA调控的顺式调控元件和反式作用因子。本文重点介绍了APA生物学效应和调控机制的最新研究进展,并探讨了未来APA调控的研究方向。

关键词: 基因表达调控, 选择性多聚腺苷酸化, 多聚腺苷酸化信号, 顺式调控元件, 反式作用因子

Abstract:

During the maturation of pre-mRNAs and some lncRNAs, their 3'ends are cleaved and polyadenylated. The cleavage and polyadenylation (C/P) require the presence of a polyadenylation signal (PAS) at the RNA 3?end. Most eukaryotic genes have multiple PASs, resulting in alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA). APA leads to transcript isoforms with different coding potentials and/or variable 3?UTRs. The 3'UTR affects mRNA stability, translation, transportation, and cellular localization. Therefore, APA is an important mechanism of posttranscriptional gene regulation in eukaryotes. In recent years, whole genome sequencing of animals, plants and yeast has revealed that APA is pervasive in eukaryotes, and the functional consequences and regulation of APA have been studied. To date, many cis-acting regulatory elements and trans-acting factors for APA regulation have been identified. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the functional consequences and regulation of APA and discuss the future directions, aiming to provide clues and references for future APA study.

Key words: gene expression regulation, alternative cleavage and polyadenylation, polyadenylation signal, cis- acting regulatory element, trans-acting factor

徐海冬, 宁博林, 牟芳, 李辉, 王宁. 选择性多聚腺苷酸化的生物学效应及其调控机制研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2021, 43(1): 4-15.

Haidong Xu, Bolin Ning, Fang Mu, Hui Li, Ning Wang. Advances of functional consequences and regulation mechanisms of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(1): 4-15.

图/表 2

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选择性多聚腺苷酸化的生物学效应及其调控机制研究进展

Advances of functional consequences and regulation mechanisms of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation

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