MicroRNA促进基因表达研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-374

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 729-741.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-374

MicroRNA促进基因表达研究进展

张潇(), 于燕, 宁勇, 洪绮雯, 史怀平()

西北农林科技大学动物科技学院，杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2024-12-30 修回日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2025-04-23 发布日期:2025-04-23
通讯作者: 史怀平，博士，教授，研究方向：生物技术与动物育种。E-mail: huaipingshi@nwafu.edu.cn
作者简介:张潇，博士研究生，专业方向：生物技术与动物育种。E-mail: zhangzexiao@nwafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1600704);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1300200);国家自然科学基金项目(32272828)

Advances in microRNA promoting gene expression

Xiao Zhang(), Yan Yu, Yong Ning, Qiwen Hong, Huaiping Shi()

College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Received:2024-12-30 Revised:2025-02-28 Published:2025-04-23 Online:2025-04-23
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFD1600704);National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2022YFD1300200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272828)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类具有调节功能的内源性非编码单链RNA。传统观点认为，miRNA在细胞质中与靶标mRNA 3′UTR结合降解mRNA或抑制翻译，从而发挥负向调控作用。然而，这一模型难以解释许多miRNA在基因表达中的促进作用。越来越多的研究表明，增强子或启动子介导的转录激活，以及UTR介导翻译促进，是miRNA正向调控基因表达的主要机制；此外，miRNA的亚细胞分布及具体的生理条件也会影响miRNA的功能。本文综述了内源性动物miRNA正向调控的机制及特点，旨在深入探讨miRNA调控基因表达的分子机制，并为后续研究提供参考。

关键词: miRNA, 靶基因, 正向调控

Abstract:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs ranging from 20~24 nucleotides in length. Traditionally, miRNAs are considered to inhibit mRNA translation or promote mRNA degradation, thereby exerting a negative regulatory effect on gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) in the cytoplasm. However, this framework cannot fully explain the observed positive roles of certain miRNAs in gene regulation. Recent studies have identified mechanisms such as enhancer- and promoter-mediated transcriptional activation, as well as UTR-mediated translational activation, as key processes underlying the positive regulation of gene expression by miRNAs. Additionally, the subcellular distribution of miRNAs and specific physiological conditions can influence their functions. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and functions of miRNAs, with the goal of providing insights for future research in this field.

Key words: miRNAs, target gene, activation

张潇, 于燕, 宁勇, 洪绮雯, 史怀平. MicroRNA促进基因表达研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(7): 729-741.

Xiao Zhang, Yan Yu, Yong Ning, Qiwen Hong, Huaiping Shi. Advances in microRNA promoting gene expression[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(7): 729-741.

图/表 4

表1

表2

经启动子促进基因表达的miRNA"

名称	靶向区域(相距转录起始位点)	效应元件	生理效应	参考文献
has-miR-373	CSDC2(-787/-763)	启动子	‒	[5]
has-miR-373	CDH1(-645/-622)	启动子	‒	[5]
mmu-miR-744	Ccnb1(-192/-171)	启动子	抑制细胞增殖，诱导染色质不稳定性	[27]
mmu-miR-1186	Ccnb1(-699/-678)	启动子	抑制细胞增殖，诱导染色质不稳定性	[27]
has-miR-558	HPSE(-2332/-2314)	启动子	促进NB细胞生长、侵袭、转移和血管生成	[28]
has-miR-324-3p	RelA(-66/-45)	启动子	诱导神经元细胞系凋亡	[29]
has-miR-589	COX-2(-53/-37)	启动子	‒	[30]
	COX-2(-34/-14)	启动子
	PLA2G4F(/)	启动子
has-miR-1180	CDKN1A(-397/-379)	启动子	抑制膀胱癌和肾癌细胞增殖，诱导细胞凋亡和衰老	[31]
has-miR-1236	CDKN1A(-243/-226)	启动子	抑制膀胱癌和肾癌细胞增殖，诱导细胞凋亡和衰老	[31]
has-miR-6734	CDKN1A(-322/-304)	启动子	抑制结肠癌细胞系细胞增殖，诱导细胞周期阻滞	[32]
has-miR-124	CDKN1B(-545/-533)	启动子	抑制乳腺癌卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭，诱导细胞周期停滞	[33]
has-miR-877-3p	CDKN2A(-320/-299)	启动子	抑制膀胱癌细胞增殖，诱导细胞周期停滞	[34]
has-miR-551-3p	STAT3(-530/-503)	启动子		[35]
has-miR-143/145	SOX2(-1302/-1297)	启动子	缓解雌激素缺乏型骨质流失	[36]
has-miR-34a	ZMYND10(-539/-341) (-98/-83)**	启动子	‒	[37]
hsa-miR-552-3p	FXR(-1107/-1102)	启动子	改善糖脂代谢紊乱	[38]
has-miR-31	CD44(-890/-865)	启动子	提高哮喘相关细胞因子	[39]
mmu-miR-320	CD36(-553/-521)	启动子	加剧糖尿病诱导的心功能障碍	[40]
miR-H3	HIV-1	启动子(TATA盒)	激活HIV病毒转录	[44]
has-miR-205	IL24(-127/-107)	启动子	促进前列腺癌细胞凋亡	[41]
has-miR-205	IL32(-631/-610)	启动子	促进前列腺癌细胞凋亡	[41]
has-let-7i	IL2(201/222)	启动子(TATA盒)	‒	[45]
has-miR-138	INS(-42/-18)	启动子(TATA盒)
has-miR-92a	CALCA(-41/-17)	启动子(TATA盒)
has-let-7c	H4A1(/)	启动子(TATA盒)
has-miR-181d	MYC(-204/-175)	启动子(TATA盒)

表2

表3

图1

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名称	靶基因	“增强子-靶基因” 距离	参考文献
has-miR-24-1	FBP1	482.88K	[21]
	FANCC	13.03K
	KDM6B	283.33K
	LSMD1	305.80K
	CYB5D1	307.12K
has-miR-26a-1	ITGA9	517.26K	[21]
	CTDSPL*	107.52K
	VILL	18.57K
has-miR-1246	MTX2	331.53K	[23]
	HNRNPA3	611.81K
	HOXD3	448.45K
	NFE2L2	629.32K
	MMP1	70.00K
has-miR-3179-2	ABCC6	150.59K	[21]
has-miR-3179-2	PKD1P1	9.97K	[21]
chi-miR-193b-3p	MKL2	368.45K	[25]
	PARN	112.35K
	BFAR	311.27K
hsa-miR-451a	KDM7A**	28.22K	[24]
has-miR-339	GPER1	64.18K	[21,22]

名称	靶向区域(相距起始密码子)	效应元件	生理效应	参考文献
has-miR369-3	TNF-α(2,258/2,291)	3′UTR (ARE)	细胞周期停滞	[6]
has-miR-93-5p	MAP3K2(35,816/35,822)	3′UTR	促进HCC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭	[51]
has-miR-124	PTBP2(91,830/91,849)(92,569/92,595)	3′UTR	促进神经元功能成熟	[53]
has-MIR-G-1	TMED5(27,557/27,581)	3′UTR	促进细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和EMT进展	[54]
has-MIR-G-1	LMNB1(59,085/59,094)	3′UTR	促进DNA 损伤修复	[54]
chi-miR-193b-3p	IGF2BP1(39,568/39,583)	3′UTR	促进肌肉发育	[25]
has-miR-483-5p	IGF2(-3,716/-3,214)	5′UTR	促进癌变	[55]
has-miR-122	HCV-N(1B)(-329/-313)	5′NCR	促进丙肝病毒复制	[15]
mmu-miR-10-a	RPS16(-54/-26)	5′UTR	诱导致癌转化	[16]

MicroRNA促进基因表达研究进展

Advances in microRNA promoting gene expression

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