遗传 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 634-643.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.15-502

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表观遗传标记在猪分子育种中的研究与应用前景

张轲1, 冯光德2, 张宝云1, 向伟1, 陈龙1, 杨芳1, 储明星3, 王凭青1   

  1. 1. 重庆大学生物工程学院,重庆 400030;
    2. 四川铁骑力士牧业科技有限公司,绵阳 621000;
    3. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,农业部畜禽遗传资源与种质创新重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-02 出版日期:2016-07-20 发布日期:2016-07-20
  • 作者简介:张轲,硕士,专业方向:分子遗传学。E-mail: 914140617@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:31372287),国家发改委重大专项(编号:2014-2573),国家科技重大专项(编号:2014ZX0800952B)和中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(编号:ASTIP-IAS13)资助[Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No; 31372287), the Major Projects of Development and Reform Commission(No; 2014-2573), the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(No; 2014ZX0800952B), and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(No; ASTIP-IAS13)]

Application of epigenetic markers in molecular breeding of the swine

Ke Zhang1, Guangde Feng2, Baoyun Zhang1, Wei Xiang1, Long Chen1, Fang Yang1, Mingxing Chu3, Pingqing Wang1   

  1. 1. Bioengineering Institute of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
    2. Sichuan TQLS Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Co.,LTD, Mianyang 621000, China;
    3. Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2015-12-02 Online:2016-07-20 Published:2016-07-20

摘要: 家畜动物的表型是由基因组、表观基因组和环境等多种因素相互影响共同作用决定的。近年来,随着遗传育种领域的迅速发展,表观遗传标记在猪分子育种中的研究受到越来越多科研人员的关注。表观遗传学是研究基因表达发生可遗传的改变而DNA序列不发生改变的一门生物学分支学科,其遗传标记主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA、印记基因等。越来越多的研究表明,表观遗传标记在猪的遗传性状中发挥着重要作用,主要通过调控与性状相关基因的表达进而达到改变生物表型的目的。然而,在当前猪分子育种领域,表观遗传标记的作用还没有得到足够的重视,影响猪重要性状的机制还没有得到深度解析,因此在实际应用中还缺乏足够的科学依据和可操作性。本文从营养、疾病、重要经济性状以及隔代遗传几个方面综述了表观遗传标记在猪分子育种中的研究现状、应用前景以及遇到的挑战,以期为表观遗传标记在猪分子育种中的应用提供较全面的理论依据。

关键词: 猪分子育种, 表观遗传标记, DNA甲基化, 组蛋白修饰, miRNA

Abstract: Livestock phenotypes are determined by the interaction of a variety of factors, including the genome, the epigenome and the environment. Epigenetics refers to gene expression changes without DNA sequence alterations. Epigenetic markers mainly include DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and imprinting genes. More and more researches show that epigenetic markers play an important role in the traits of pigs by modulating phenotype changes via gene expression. However, the role of epigenetic markers has caught little attention in swine breeding. The mechanism that influences important traits of swine has not been analyzed in detail, and it still lacks adequate scientific basis for practical applications. From the aspects of nutrition, diseases, important economic traits and trans-generational inheritance, we summarize the research, application prospects and challenges in the field of utilizing epigenetic markers in molecular breeding of pigs, thus providing a more comprehensive theoretical basis to promote more rapid research development in this field.

Key words: molecular breeding of swine, epigenetic markers, DNA methylation, histone modifications, miRNA