摘要： 在相同条件下,以黄淮夏玉米区60-90年代10个玉米单交种为样本,研究了玉米产量遗传增益及株型性状的改良趋势。结果表明:(1)玉米单交种产量的遗传增益为68.98%;(2)6个株型性状的遗传改良效应依次为:叶向值>叶角>穗位高>穗位/株高>株高>单株叶面积;(3)叶向值、穗位高的显著改良提高了玉米的耐密、耐肥和抗倒伏等群体适应性,而影响单株籽粒产量的单株叶面积和株高等性状的遗传改良进展不大。
Abstract:Experiments in 1994 and 1995 were conducted to inrestigate the effects of hybrid maize on grain production in Huang Huaisummer maize area and the improvement trend in plant-type traits.The value of genetic gain of hybrid on grain production was 68.98 percent from 1963 to 1989.The effects of genetic gain on six plant-type traits showed as follows:leaf direction>leaf angle>height of ear-seat>ratio of ear-seat to plant height>plant height>leaf area.The significant improvements of leaf direction and height of ear-seat may enhance the tolerance capacity of hybrid maize to closely planting,high fertilization and plant-lodging.The progress,however,in improving leaf area and plant height for increasing grain production was not significant.In this article,the scheme on maize improvement in China is briefly discussed.
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