玉米雄性不育资源的发掘与利用

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.21-327

遗传 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 134-152.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.21-327

玉米雄性不育资源的发掘与利用

时子文(), 何青, 赵卓凡, 刘孝伟, 张鹏, 曹墨菊()

四川农业大学玉米研究所,农业农村部西南玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室,成都 611130

收稿日期:2021-09-08 修回日期:2021-11-09 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-01-17
通讯作者: 曹墨菊 E-mail:ziwen_shi@163.com;caomj@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介:时子文,在读博士研究生,专业方向：作物遗传育种。E-mail: ziwen_shi@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目资助编号(31771876)

Exploration and utilization of maize male sterility resources

Ziwen Shi(), Qing He, Zhuofan Zhao, Xiaowei Liu, Peng Zhang, Moju Cao()

Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture/National Key Laboratory for Gene Resources Exploitation and Utilization of Crops in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2021-09-08 Revised:2021-11-09 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-01-17
Contact: Cao Moju E-mail:ziwen_shi@163.com;caomj@sicau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No(31771876)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物雄性不育是指植物雄性生殖器官不能产生正常有功能花粉的现象。玉米(Zea mays L.)是重要的粮食作物之一,也是较早利用杂种优势的作物之一。当前,生产上广泛种植的玉米品种类型主要是单交种。我国玉米杂交种的播种面积常年稳定在6.2亿亩左右,年用种量10亿公斤以上,常年制种面积高达250多万亩。利用传统的人工去雄或机械去雄的制种方式进行杂交种子的生产,通常需要投入大量的人力、物力和财力。我国玉米制种基地具有明显的区域性,而玉米制种基地对劳动力的需求具有较强的季节性,当前伴随着大量农村劳动力的城市化转移,玉米制种基地出现了严重的用工慌,制种基地的租地费用和人工成本不断提高,使得种子生产成本不断升高。利用植物雄性不育系进行杂交种子的规模化生产,不仅能有效保证杂交种纯度,而且可以大大降低杂交种子的生产成本,同时还可避免极端天气条件下的人工去雄或机械去雄的田间操作困难等问题。因此利用雄性不育进行不育化制种是玉米种业发展的必然趋势。本文综述了我国玉米细胞质雄性不育以及包含光温敏雄性不育在内的细胞核雄性不育资源的发掘及创制进程、植物雄性不育资源从自然群体中获得到有目的性创制的发展过程及玉米雄性不育的研究进展,分析了玉米雄性不育的应用现状及存在的问题。基于我国玉米种业的发展趋势和雄性不育的研究及应用现状,提出了7个需要加强的方面,为玉米雄性不育的创制、研究和利用提供参考。

关键词: 玉米, 雄性不育, 杂种优势, 应用现状

Abstract:

Male sterility refers to the defective development of male reproductive organs, which led to plants incapable of producing normal and functional pollens. Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food crops, as well as one of the earliest crops to utilize heterosis in breeding. Single cross hybrid has been the main type of maize heterosis utilization for a long time. The planting area of maize hybrid in China has been stable at about 620 million mu. More than one billion kilograms of commercial hybrid seeds are needed each year, and the annual seed production area has been stable at about 2.5 million mu in recent years. So far, manual emasculation has been the major way of maize hybrid seed production in China, which is laborious and time consuming. Generally, spatial isolation is necessary for maize hybrid seed production, this requirement results in only some regions in the country suitable for maize hybrid seed production. Manual emasculation requires seasonal demand of labors. At present, with the urbanization of a large number of rural laborers, the seed production regions experience a serious labor shortage. Accordingly, the cost of seed production increases with the rising of land rent and labor costs. In addition, it is difficult to guarantee the seed purity with manual or mechanical emasculation for hybrid seed production. However, incorporating male sterility into maize hybrid seed production could reduce its cost and ensure hybrid seed purity. It can also avoid the difficulties of manual or mechanical emasculation in field operation under extreme weather conditions. Therefore, it is the inevitable trend of development in the maize seed industry. In this review, we summarize the exploitation and creation of maize cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), maize genic male sterility (GMS) resources in China, and the developing process from natural discovery to targeted creation of male sterility resources in plants, and the research progress of maize male sterility. We then analyze the application status and existing problems of maize male sterility, based on the development trend of maize seed industry, as well as the research and application status of male sterility in China. We also identify seven aspects that need to be further strengthen, thereby providing the reference for the creation, research and utilization of maize male sterility in the future.

Key words: Zea mays L., male sterility, heterosis, application status

时子文, 何青, 赵卓凡, 刘孝伟, 张鹏, 曹墨菊. 玉米雄性不育资源的发掘与利用[J]. 遗传, 2022, 44(2): 134-152.

Ziwen Shi, Qing He, Zhuofan Zhao, Xiaowei Liu, Peng Zhang, Moju Cao. Exploration and utilization of maize male sterility resources[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2022, 44(2): 134-152.

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材料名称	材料来源	胞质类型	参考文献
G、类2、类3	远缘杂交	C型胞质	[7~9]
R1、R2	远缘杂交	C型胞质	[10]
A1、A2	组织培养	C型胞质	[11,12]
SauS1、SauS2、SauS3	航天诱变	C型胞质	[13]
SauS4、SauS5	航天诱变	T型胞质	[14]
远徐cms-小黄、恩二激cms-大黄	地方品种	S型胞质	[15]
Y_II-1	核置换	待分组	[16]
L₂	钴60诱变	L₂型胞质	[17]
WBMs	人工混合群体WBM	S型胞质	[18]
JnA	天然雄性不育	S型胞质	[19]
CMS-P	爆裂玉米种质	S型胞质	[20]
GDS	杂种后代的自交分离	C型胞质	[21]
Ta-CMS	钴60诱变	T型胞质	[22]
泰玉D2s	-	待分组	[23]
928CMS-Q1261	核置换	S型胞质	[24]
MD32	-	S型胞质	[25]
85218A	化学诱变	C型胞质	[26]
DT-合344、ZT-合344	外源总DNA导入	T型胞质	[27]
PH6WCcms-LK18	-	C型胞质	[28]
CF3	C7-2与PH4CV杂交后代	S型胞质	[29]
晋玉1A	核置换	S型胞质	[30]

突变体	基因ID(V3/V4)	染色体	编码蛋白	突变体来源	参考文献
ms39	Zm00001d043909	3L	Callose synthase 12	航天诱变	[43,49~51,52]
ms2015-1	-	6	-	航天诱变	未发表
ms2015-2	-	7S	-	航天诱变	未发表
ms40	Zm00001d053895	4L	bHLH-transcription factor 51	EMS诱变	[44]
ms305	-	2L	-	钴60诱变	[53]
5280ms	-	1	-	航天诱变	[54,55]
8057ms	-	4	-	航天诱变	[54,55]
未命名	-	2	-	航天诱变	[56]
ms10/apv1	GRMZM5G830329	10L	Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase	自然突变	[39]
4505m/ms8	GRMZM2G119265	8L	Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase	钴60诱变	[57]
3552m/silky1	GRMZM2G139073	6L	-	钴60诱变	[57]
未命名	Zm00001d053895	4L	bHLH-transcription factor 51	EMS诱变	[58]
tms1	-	3	-	天然雄性不育(温敏)	[61]
tms2	-	5	-	天然雄性不育(温敏)	[61]
tms3	-	2	-	天然雄性不育(温敏)	[63]
未命名	-	-	-	天然雄性不育(光敏)	[64]
ZmTMS5	GRMZM2G147727	4L	Uuclear ribonuclease Z putative expressed	基因编辑(温敏)	[46]
tvt1-R	Zm00001d045192	9S	Large subunit of RNR	重离子辐射(温敏)	[4]

编号	突变体/基因	基因ID(B73_V4)	染色体	编码蛋白	参考文献
1	ms2	Zm00001d046537	9L	ABC transporter G family protein	[37]
2	ms5/ipe2	Zm00001d015960	5L	GDSL lipase	[38]
3	ms7	Zm00001d020680	7L	PHD-finger transcription factor	[2,4]
4	ms8	Zm00001d012234	8L	Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase	[98]
5	ms9	Zm00001d028777	1S	MYB transcription factor	[99]
6	ms10/apv1	Zm00001d024712	10L	Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,CYP703A2	[39]
7	ms20/ipe1	Zm00001d029683	1S	GMC oxidoreductase	[40]
8	ms22/msca1	Zm00001d018802	7S	Glutaredoxin	[100,101]
9	ms23	Zm00001d008174	8S	bHLH transcription factor	[102]
10	ms26	Zm00001d027837	1S	Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,CYP704B1	[69]
11	ms28	Zm00001d013063	5S	AGO family protein	[41]
12	ms30	Zm00001d052403	4L	GDSL esterase/lipase protein	[3]
13	ms32	Zm00001d006564	2L	bHLH transcription factor	[103]
14	ms33	Zm00001d007714	2L	GPAT protein	[42,104]
15	ms39	Zm00001d043909	3L	Callose synthase 12	[43,49~51,52]
16	ms40	Zm00001d053895	4L	bHLH-transcription factor 51	[44]
17	Ms44	Zm00001d052736	4L	Type C non-specific lipid transfer protein	[105]
18	ms45	Zm00001d047859	9L	Strictosidin synthase	[106]
19	mac1	Zm00001d023681	10S	MAC1 protein	[107]
20	ms6021	Zm00001d048337	9L	Fatty-acyl-CoA reductase	[45]
21	tms5	Zm00001d053351	4L	Uuclear ribonuclease Z putative expressed	[46]
22	ig1	Zm00001d042560	3L	LBD transcription factor	[108]
23	ocl4	Zm00001d030069	1S	HD-ZIP IV transcription factor	[109,110]
24	dcl5	Zm00001d032655	1L	Dicer-like 5	[111]
25	tvt1-R	Zm00001d045192	9S	Large subunit of RNR	[47]
26	Si3	Zm00001d004130	2L	Potential transcriptional regulator	[48]

玉米雄性不育资源的发掘与利用

Exploration and utilization of maize male sterility resources

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