CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术在羊生产应用中研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-155

遗传 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 690-700.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-155

CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术在羊生产应用中研究进展

潘东霞(), 王辉, 熊本海, 唐湘方()

中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所，畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室，北京 100193

收稿日期:2024-05-31 修回日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-08-15
通讯作者: 唐湘方，博士，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向：反刍动物营养与智慧畜牧业装备开发。E-mail: xiangfangtang@163.com
作者简介:潘东霞，硕士研究生，专业方向：智慧畜牧装备研究。E-mail: pandongxia1117@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“牛羊高效规模化健康养殖技术集成示范”项目(2022YFD1301100)

Progress on CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology in sheep production

Dongxia Pan(), Hui Wang, Benhai Xiong, Xiangfang Tang()

State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2024-05-31 Revised:2024-07-15 Published:2024-09-20 Online:2024-08-15
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China “Demonstration of Large-scale Efficient and Healthy Breeding of Cattle and Sheep”(2022YFD1301100)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基因编辑是一种能够进行基因组修饰的基因工程技术。近年来，随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展，成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列相关蛋白系统(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein，CRISPR-Cas)作为新发展起来的一种强大的基因编辑工具，因具有高效性、精确性和灵活性而被广泛应用。CRISPR-Cas系统通过在特定基因组位点引入插入、缺失或单碱基替换等方式实现位点的特异性修饰，在畜牧生产的诸多领域做出了重大贡献。在羊生产应用方面，通过建立改善生产经济性状和抗病性的绵山羊动物模型，可以对关键基因的功能进行研究，从而加速性状的改良。本文主要综述了CRISPR-Cas系统的机制与功能及其在羊繁殖性状、肉用性状、产毛性状、泌乳性状和抗病性状生产应用与创建羊动物模型方面的研究进展。

关键词: CRISPR-Cas系统, 基因编辑技术, 绵羊, 山羊, 生产研究

Abstract:

Gene editing is a kind of genetic engineering technology that can modify the genome. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biotechnology, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein system has been widely used as a powerful gene editing tool due to its high efficiency, accuracy and flexibility. The CRISPR-Cas system makes a significant contribution to different aspects of livestock production by introducing site-specific modifications such as insertions, deletions or single base replacements at specific genomic sites. In terms of sheep production applications, by establishing animal models that improve production economic traits and disease resistance, the function of key genes can be studied to accelerate the improvement of traits, thereby accelerating the improvement of traits. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and function of CRISPR-Cas system and its application in the production of reproductive traits, meat use traits, wool production traits, lactation traits and disease resistance traits of sheep and the establishment of sheep animal models.

Key words: CRISPR-Cas system, gene editing technology, sheep, goats, production research

潘东霞, 王辉, 熊本海, 唐湘方. CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术在羊生产应用中研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(9): 690-700.

Dongxia Pan, Hui Wang, Benhai Xiong, Xiangfang Tang. Progress on CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology in sheep production[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2024, 46(9): 690-700.

图/表 1

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特性	Cas核酸酶
特性	Cas9	Cas9n	dCas9	Cas12a (Cpf1)	Cas12b (C2c1)
CRISPR-Cas系统分类	2类II-A型	2类II-A型	2类II-A型	2类V-A型	2类V-B型
核酸酶结构域	HNH和RuvC	HNH或RuvC	无	RuvC	RuvC
PAM	NGG/NAG/NGA	NGG	NGG	(T)TTN	TTN
引导RNA	tracrRNA+crRNA (~120 nt)	tracrRNA+crRNA (~120 nt)	tracrRNA+crRNA (~120 nt)	crRNA (40~44 nt)	tracrRNA+crRNA (~120 nt)
靶向目标	dsDNA	dsDNA	dsDNA	ds/ssDNA	ds/ssDNA
反式切割活性	ssDNA/ssRNA	ssDNA/ssRNA	无	ssDNA	ssDNA

CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术在羊生产应用中研究进展

Progress on CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology in sheep production

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