第四纪晚期中国大型哺乳动物古DNA研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-193

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 46-57.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-193

第四纪晚期中国大型哺乳动物古DNA研究进展

盛桂莲¹^,²(), 郑铭旻¹^,², 肖博¹^,³, 袁俊霞¹^,⁴

1.中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室，武汉 430078
2.中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院，武汉 430078
3.中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院，武汉 430074
4.中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院，武汉 430078

收稿日期:2024-06-28 修回日期:2024-09-11 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2024-09-25
通讯作者: 盛桂莲，博士，教授，研究方向：第四纪古脊椎动物分子演化。E-mail: glsheng@cug.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42172027);国家自然科学基金项目(42472008)

Progress on ancient DNA investigation of Late Quaternary mammals in China

Guilian Sheng¹^,²(), Mingmin Zheng¹^,², Bo Xiao¹^,³, Junxia Yuan¹^,⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
2. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
3. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4. Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China

Received:2024-06-28 Revised:2024-09-11 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2024-09-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172027);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472008)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从古DNA视角探讨古代生物的遗传组成已有40多年历史。自2005年开始，随着高通量测序技术平台的开发应用及对小片段DNA分子提取能力的加强，古DNA研究跨入全新的深时古基因组时代，不仅解决了诸多生物谱系系统学问题，丰富了包括人类在内的多种生物的迁移、演化细节，而且启动了“全基因组-大数据-多物种”尺度研究生物对气候变化的分子响应，将古DNA研究涉及的样品年代从10万年以内拓展到近200万年前的早更新世。中国科学家近几年在东亚人群遗传演化和迁徙融合方面实现了诸多有影响力的突破，填补了现代人类演化进程中的重要“缺环”。相比而言，学界对除人类之外的脊椎动物古DNA研究关注度较低。本文回顾了第四纪晚期中国大型哺乳动物古DNA研究系列进展，分别总结了相关研究在揭示古代群体与现生群体的系统演化关系、古哺乳动物基因交流、动物种群对气候变化的分子响应等方面的研究突破，并对中国哺乳动物古基因组领域面临的机遇和挑战进行了展望。

关键词: 古DNA, 第四纪晚期, 哺乳动物, 二代测序, 分子演化

Abstract:

It has been more than 40 years since the beginning of exploring the genetic composition of ancient organisms from the perspective of ancient DNA. In the recent 20 years, with the development and application of high-throughput sequencing technology platforms and the improved efficiency of retrieving highly fragmented DNA molecules, ancient DNA research moved forward to a brand-new era of deep-time paleogenomics. It not only solved many controversial phylogenetic problems, enriched the migration and evolution details of various organisms including humans, but also launched exploration of the molecular responses to climate changes in terms of “whole genomic-big data-multi-species” level. Moreover, it expanded the sample age from no more than 100,000 years to the Early Pleistocene, ~2 million years ago. Recently, Chinese scientists have made many influential breakthroughs in evolution and migration integration of East Asian populations and thus filled an important gap in the evolutionary process of modern human. Compared to the situation in human paleogenomic studies, less attention has been paid to the study of ancient DNA from vertebrates remains. In this review, we introduce a series of advances in ancient DNA investigations of large mammals in Late Quaternary in China, summarize the research breakthroughs in revealing the systematic evolutionary relationship between ancient and extant groups, gene flow, and molecular responses of mammalian populations to climate change, and explore the opportunities and key challenges in the field of mammalian paleogenomics.

Key words: ancient DNA, Late Quaternary, mammals, next generation sequencing, molecular evolution

盛桂莲, 郑铭旻, 肖博, 袁俊霞. 第四纪晚期中国大型哺乳动物古DNA研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(1): 46-57.

Guilian Sheng, Mingmin Zheng, Bo Xiao, Junxia Yuan. Progress on ancient DNA investigation of Late Quaternary mammals in China[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(1): 46-57.

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物种	地点	样品年代 (cal BP)	样品数量	线粒体基因组数量	核基因组数量	参考文献
大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)	云南、广西	5,000~22,000	3	3	1	[6,7]
草原野牛(Bison priscus)	黑龙江、辽宁	>30,000	21	3	1	[8]
印度野牛(Bos gaurus)	甘肃	~5,200	10	10	10	[9]
普通牛(Bos taurus)	山西、河南、内蒙古等	4,500~350	60	49	4	[10]
牦牛(Bos grunniens)	西藏、青海	3,000~2,200	1	1	1	[11]
诺氏驼(Camelus knoblochi)	黑龙江	>29,400	7	7	7	[12]
狗(Canis lupus familiaris)	黑龙江、河北、陕西等	12,900~1,000	145	145	0	[13,14]
西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)	黑龙江、青海、新疆等	11,200~3,000	8	8	0	[15,16]
马鹿(Cervus elaphus/hanglu/canadensis)	黑龙江	>15,600	6	6	0	[17]
披毛犀(Coelodonta antiquitatis)	黑龙江、内蒙古、辽宁	>35,000	12	12	0	[18⇓~20]
洞鬣狗(Crocuta crocuta)	黑龙江、河北、吉林	>20,000	12	7	1	[21⇓⇓~24]
苏门答腊犀(Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)	甘肃	~5,200	2	2	0	[9]
家马(Equus caballus caballus)	陕西、甘肃、宁夏等	5,000~2,000	98	98	0	[25]
大连马(Equus dalianensis)	黑龙江	44,000~37,000	8	8	0	[26]
奥氏马(Equus ovodovi)	黑龙江、陕西、宁夏等	39,000~3,400	29	29	4	[27,28]
普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)	黑龙江	~40,000	1	1	0	[26]
古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon sp.)	江苏、河北、黑龙江	>50,300	6	2	0	[29]
华北豹(Panthera pardus japonensis)	湖南	~200	2	2	0	[30]
虎(Panthera tigris)	吉林	>43,500	1	1	1	[31]
虎(Panthera tigris)	湖北、湖南、广东等	~100	32	29	13	[32]
中华大角鹿(Sinomegaceros spp.)	黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古	>16,000	13	6	0	[33]
真猛犸象(Mammuthus primigenius)	黑龙江、内蒙古	>40,000	5	5	0	[34⇓~36]

第四纪晚期中国大型哺乳动物古DNA研究进展

Progress on ancient DNA investigation of Late Quaternary mammals in China

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