植物小RNA的产生、作用方式、功能及在农业中的应用前景

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.25-163

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 928-943.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-163

植物小RNA的产生、作用方式、功能及在农业中的应用前景

杨怀昊(), 郑丙莲()

复旦大学生命科学学院，复杂性状的遗传调控全国重点实验室，上海 200438

收稿日期:2025-06-05 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2025-06-24 发布日期:2025-06-24
通讯作者: 郑丙莲，教授，博士生导师，研究方向：非编码RNA与植物生殖发育。E-mail: zhengbl@fudan.edu.cn
作者简介:杨怀昊，博士研究生，专业方向：生物化学与分子生物学。E-mail: 21110700078@m.fudan.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31830045)

Biogenesis, action, function of plant small RNAs and their potential application in agriculture

Huaihao Yang(), Binglian Zheng()

State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China

Received:2025-06-05 Revised:2025-06-23 Published:2025-06-24 Online:2025-06-24
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830045)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物小RNA (small RNA, sRNA)是植物基因表达调控及基因组稳定性的关键调控因子。根据产生途径及作用方式的不同，其主要分为微小RNA (microRNA，miRNA)和小干扰RNA (small interfering RNA, siRNA)两大类。这些不同类型的sRNA依赖多种加工蛋白产生，也依赖不同效应蛋白帮助其发挥功能，并以不同的方式广泛地参与植物各类发育调控与环境响应的过程。近年来，多物种中的高通量测序数据鉴定到了越来越多新型植物sRNA，sRNA在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)及各类作物中的研究进展也促进了对其产生方式、调控模式及其生物学功能的深入理解。本文系统综述了不同类型植物sRNA的研究进展，主要包括其生物合成途径、作用机制与生物学功能，并结合现有技术讨论了植物sRNA在农业中的应用方式及其作为新型RNA农药的应用前景，旨在为植物sRNA的深入研究及农业应用提供理论基础。

关键词: 植物小RNA, miRNA, siRNA, phasiRNA, RNA农药

Abstract:

Plant small RNAs (sRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression and genome stability in plants. Based on their biogenesis and mechanisms of action, they are primarily classified into two major categories: microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These sRNAs rely on distinct processing proteins for their production and effector proteins to execute their functions, playing pivotal roles in diverse developmental processes and environmental responses. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have identified numerous novel sRNAs across multiple plant species, while studies in Arabidopsis thaliana and various crops have significantly enhanced our understanding of their biogenesis, regulatory networks, and biological functions. In this review, we systematically summarize the research progress on different classes of plant sRNAs, focusing on their biosynthetic pathways, molecular mechanisms, and biological function. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of plant sRNAs in agriculture, including their prospects as next-generation RNA pesticides, supported by current technological developments. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for further research on plant sRNAs and their agricultural applications.

Key words: plant small RNA, miRNA, siRNA, phasiRNA, RNA pesticides

杨怀昊, 郑丙莲. 植物小RNA的产生、作用方式、功能及在农业中的应用前景[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(8): 928-943.

Huaihao Yang, Binglian Zheng. Biogenesis, action, function of plant small RNAs and their potential application in agriculture[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(8): 928-943.

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突变基因	物种	主要发育表型	参考文献
OsNRPD1a/b	水稻(Oryza sativa)	植株矮小、分蘖增加	[88]
OsDCL3a	水稻	植株矮小、叶倾角增大、分枝减少	[89]
OsNRPD2	水稻	植株矮小、抽穗异常、种子败育	[90]
ZmRPD1(RMR6)	玉米(Zea mays)	植株矮小、节间缩短、性别决定异常	[91,92]
SlNRPD1/NRPE1	番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)	生长发育迟缓、种子败育、果实发育异常	[93,98]
BraA.NRPD1/RDR2/NRPE1	蔓菁(Brassica rapa)	种子发育异常	[95]
CrNRPD1	荠菜(Capsella rubella)	花粉发育异常	[94]

植物小RNA的产生、作用方式、功能及在农业中的应用前景

Biogenesis, action, function of plant small RNAs and their potential application in agriculture

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