遗传 ›› 2015, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 992-291.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.15-291

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CRISPR/Cas9系统在基因组DNA片段编辑中的应用

李金环, 寿佳, 吴强   

  1. 上海交通大学系统生物医学研究院比较生物医学研究中心,系统生物医学教育部重点实验室,上海 200240
  • 收稿日期:2015-06-23 出版日期:2015-10-20 发布日期:2015-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 吴强,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:基因表达调控及神经发育。E-mail: qwu123@gmail.com
  • 作者简介:李金环,博士研究生,专业方向:遗传学。 E-mail: lijinhuan163@126.com。寿佳,博士研究生,专业方向:遗传学。 E-mail: shoujia1106@163.com。李金环和寿佳同为第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31171015,31470820)和上海市科学技术委员会(编号:13XD1402000,14JC1403600)资助

DNA fragment editing of genomes by CRISPR/Cas9

Jinhuan Li, Jia Shou, Qiang Wu   

  1. Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Center for Comparative Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • Received:2015-06-23 Online:2015-10-20 Published:2015-10-20

摘要: 源于细菌和古菌的Ⅱ型成簇规律间隔短回文重复系统[Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9),CRISPR/Cas9]近年被改造成为基因组定点编辑的新技术。由于它具有设计简单、操作方便、费用低廉等巨大优势,给遗传操作领域带来了一场革命性的改变。本文重点介绍了CRISPR/Cas9系统在基因组DNA片段靶向编辑方面的研究和应用,主要包括DNA片段的删除、反转、重复、插入和易位,这一有效的DNA片段编辑方法为研究基因功能、调控元件、组织发育和疾病发生发展提供了有力手段。本文最后展望了Ⅱ型CRISPR/Cas9系统的应用前景和其他类型CRISPR系统的应用潜力,为开展利用基因组DNA片段靶向编辑进行基因调控和功能研究提供参考。

关键词: CRISPR/Cas9系统, DNA片段编辑, 基因功能, 调控元件, 疾病发生

Abstract: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system from bacteria and archaea emerged recently as a new powerful technology of genome editing in virtually any organism. Due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness, a revolutionary change of genetics has occurred. Here, we summarize the recent development of DNA fragment editing methods by CRISPR/Cas9 and describe targeted DNA fragment deletions, inversions, duplications, insertions, and translocations. The efficient method of DNA fragment editing provides a powerful tool for studying gene function, regulatory elements, tissue development, and disease progression. Finally, we discuss the prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 system and the potential applications of other types of CRISPR system.

Key words: CRISPR/Cas9 system, DNA fragment editing, gene function, regulatory elements, diseases