印记基因：发育中的重要调节因子

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.15-512

遗传 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 508-522.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.15-512

印记基因：发育中的重要调节因子

吴瑜^{1, 2}, 冯旭^{2, 3}, 高岚¹, 焦保卫²

1. 兰州大学生命科学院发育生物学研究所,兰州 730000;
2. 中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室,昆明 650223;
3. 昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 昆明 650500

收稿日期:2015-12-18 修回日期:2016-01-18 出版日期:2016-06-20 发布日期:2016-03-14
通讯作者: 焦保卫,博士,研究员,研究方向：遗传印记对于发育的调控作用。E-mail: jiaobaowei@mail.kiz.ac.cn
高岚,博士,教授,研究方向：晶状体再生相关基因及蛋白表达研究。E-mail: gaolan@lzu.edu.cn E-mail:cheerfulloster@protonmail.com
作者简介:吴瑜,硕士,专业方向：遗传印记对于发育的调控作用。E-mail: 393968099@qq.com冯旭,硕士,专业方向：遗传印记对于发育的调控作用。E-mail: cheerfulloster@protonmail.com吴瑜和冯旭为并列第一作者。
基金资助:
中国科学院先导专项(编号：XDB13030400) 和国家自然科学基金项目(编号：31371502, 31471953)资助 [Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No; XDB13030400) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31371502, 31471953)]

Imprinted genes: important regulators in development

Yu Wu^{1, 2}, Xu Feng^{2, 3}, Lan Gao¹, Baowei Jiao²

1. School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;
3. Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2015-12-18 Revised:2016-01-18 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-03-14
Supported by:
Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No; XDB13030400) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31371502, 31471953)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 印记基因是一类单等位表达的基因,数量少但功能强大,构成了基因组印记这一表观遗传领域中的独特现象,来源于不同亲本的印记基因在个体发育过程中承担着不同的重要功能。除了印记基因状态的建立、保持,人们围绕印记基因在发育进程中的功能做了大量研究。印记基因最初在核移植研究中被发现,早期研究聚焦在个别基因簇上。随着组学技术的引入,更多的印记基因被筛选和鉴定出来,这也引起了该领域内的热烈讨论和关注。随着全基因组DNA甲基化及组蛋白修饰等研究方法的发展,人们对印记基因的两个经典调控模型又提出新的看法和思考,尤其是最近的一些研究成果对于解释印记基因在哺乳动物中的高度保守性及其存在的意义具有重要启示。本文立足于最新研究进展,从印记基因的特征和基本规律、发育中的调控作用、机制、研究方法、进化以及环境对其影响等几个方面进行了综述,旨在为人们全面了解印记基因概况及研究趋势提供参考和指导。

关键词: 印记基因, 发育, 进化

Abstract: The imprinted genes are characterized for their allele-specific expression, which present a unique phenomenon in the epigenetic and developmental studies. The field had dramatically progress in terms of establishment, maintainance and function of imprinted genes in organ development. The imprinting was primarily discovered in neuro-transplantation studies, and thereafter focused on a few well-known imprinted cluster. With increasing application of omics techniques, more imprinted genes were screened and identified, which drawn great attentions and discussions by scientists in the field. One of wonderful example is peculiars extrapolation and debate of evolutional conservation of imprinted genes based on the data analysis of the whole genome DNA methylome and histone modification. In this review, the current research of imprinted genes in mammals were summarized from the feature of the genes, the roles in development, the mechanism of regulation, the advances of research methods, the evolution of parental relationship and the interaction between imprinted genes and environmental factors. This review will be helpful for general understanding and research approach of imprinted genes.

Key words: imprinted gene, development, evolution

吴瑜, 冯旭, 高岚, 焦保卫. 印记基因：发育中的重要调节因子[J]. 遗传, 2016, 38(6): 508-522.

Yu Wu, Xu Feng, Lan Gao, Baowei Jiao. Imprinted genes: important regulators in development[J]. HEREDITAS(Beijing), 2016, 38(6): 508-522.

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印记基因：发育中的重要调节因子

Imprinted genes: important regulators in development

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