水稻基因组加倍对籽粒大小调控基因表达的影响

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.16-202

遗传 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (12): 1102-1111.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.16-202

水稻基因组加倍对籽粒大小调控基因表达的影响

张红宇¹, 崔晓云¹, 侯飞雪¹, 王一伊¹, 吴挺开¹, 刘禹彤¹, 杨定乾¹, 张洪凯¹, 傅瑶¹, 张向阳¹, 李文丽², 吴先军¹

1. 四川农业大学水稻研究所,西南作物基因资源与遗传改良教育部重点实验室,成都 611130；
2. 临沂大学药学院,临沂 276005

收稿日期:2016-06-03 修回日期:2016-10-28 出版日期:2016-12-20 发布日期:2016-11-09
通讯作者: 吴先军,博士,教授,研究方向：水稻分子生物学和遗传育种。E-mail: wuxj@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介:张红宇,博士,副研究员,研究方向：水稻基因组发育调控。E-mail: zhanghysd@163.com 崔晓云,博士研究生,研究方向：拟南芥表观遗传学。E-mail: xiaoyun.cui@u-psud.fr 张红宇和崔晓云为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(编号：2016YFD0100406)资助

Effects of genome doubling on expression of genes regulating grain size in rice

Hongyu Zhang¹, Xiaoyun Cui¹, Feixue Hou¹, Yiyi Wang¹, Tingkai Wu¹, Yutong Liu¹, Dingqian Yang¹, Hongkai Zhang¹, Yao Fu¹, Xiangyang Zhang¹, Wenli Li², Xianjun Wu¹

1. Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement Ministry of Education, Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
2. School of Pharmacy of Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China

Received:2016-06-03 Revised:2016-10-28 Online:2016-12-20 Published:2016-11-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水稻是最重要的粮食作物之一,提高水稻产量一直是育种的主要目标。水稻四倍体相对于二倍体具有籽粒变大、粒重增加的特点,研究基因组加倍后籽粒大小基因的调控模式,在育种应用方面具有十分重要的意义。本文以二倍体 -四倍体水稻为材料,分析6个控制籽粒大小基因在幼穗发育中的表达差异,同时结合转基因实验,探讨基因剂量增加对基因表达水平和籽粒大小的影响。结果发现：基因组加倍后,水稻的发育进程不变,但株高增加,叶片变宽,籽粒变大,增大后的籽粒在籼稻表现为长、宽均增加显著,而在粳稻中长度比宽度增加更为明显。进一步分析控制籽粒大小基因的表达差异情况,发现这些基因的表达不仅受发育时期的影响,在籼粳亚种间也明显不同,即受遗传背景的影响。在基因组加倍的情况下,正调控基因GS5、HGW的表达普遍高于对应的二倍体;负调控基因GS3在籼稻D9311中趋于下调或沉默,而在粳稻DBl中趋于上调,GW2在D9311中上调,而在DBl中趋于沉默。通过转基因实验分析负调控基因GW2在二倍体Bl中的表达趋势,发现其在基因剂量线性增加的情况下,表达水平高于二倍体和四倍体,导致其籽粒变小。本研究结果有助于了解水稻中控制籽粒大小的基因在二倍体和四倍体中的表达模式,为高产育种提供理论依据。

关键词: 水稻, 基因组加倍, 四倍体, 籽粒大小基因, 负调控

Abstract: Rice is one of the most important staple crops. It has been the major focus in breeding program to improve grain yield. A unique feature of tetraploid rice is the increased grain size and weight compared to diploid. Therefore, investigating the effects of genome doubling on expression of genes regulating grain size is important for yield improvement in rice breeding program. In this study, we analyzed differential expression of six genes regulating grain size in young panicles of various developmental stages between diploid and tetraploid rice. Transgenic approaches were employed to explore the dosage effects on gene expression and grain size. The results showed that genome duplications did not influence the developmental patterns of rice growth, but enhanced plant height, leaf width and grain size. The grain length and width in Indica tetraploid increased significantly, but the grain length showed more obvious change than width in Japonica tetraploid. The expression levels were affected not only by the developmental stages, but also by genetic background. Upon genome doubling, the positive regulation gene GS5 and HGW expression levels were generally higher in tetraploid than the corresponding diploid. Negative regulation gene GS3 in Indica tetraploid tended to be down-regulated or silenced, but increased in Japonica tetraploid. Another negative regulation GW2 was up-regulated in Indica tetraploid and silenced in Japonica tetraploid. The extra copies of GW2 in diploid transgenic lines exerted a gene dosage effect that resulted in the higher expression level than that of wild type diploid and tetraploid, which causes small grain formation in transgenic lines. Our results will help to understand the function of genes regulating the grain size in the diploid and tetraploid, and provide a theoretical basis for yield improvement.

Key words: rice, genomic doubling, tetraploid, genes controlling grain size, negative regulation

张红宇, 崔晓云, 侯飞雪, 王一伊, 吴挺开, 刘禹彤, 杨定乾, 张洪凯, 傅瑶, 张向阳, 李文丽, 吴先军. 水稻基因组加倍对籽粒大小调控基因表达的影响[J]. 遗传, 2016, 38(12): 1102-1111.

Hongyu Zhang, Xiaoyun Cui, Feixue Hou, Yiyi Wang, Tingkai Wu, Yutong Liu, Dingqian Yang, Hongkai Zhang, Yao Fu, Xiangyang Zhang, Wenli Li, Xianjun Wu. Effects of genome doubling on expression of genes regulating grain size in rice[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2016, 38(12): 1102-1111.

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水稻基因组加倍对籽粒大小调控基因表达的影响

Effects of genome doubling on expression of genes regulating grain size in rice

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