摘要： 利用随机扩增多态DNA技术研究了波尔山羊、唐山奶山羊、青龙本地山羊以及波尔山羊与这两个山羊群体杂交后代共计128个山羊个体的随机扩增多态DNA。结果表明：（1）总群体平均遗传多样性指数（Hsp）为0.6974，群体遗传分化指数为0.9706，山羊群体间平均遗传距离指数（0.1314～0.2052）明显大于群体内的相应值（0.0582～0.1440），上述结果说明，所研究山羊群体不仅具有较为丰富的遗传多样性，而且其核基因组遗传变异主要存在于群体间。（2）山羊群体间的分子聚类关系与各群体间的亲缘关系基本一致。
Abstract:The random amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD）of 128 individuals was studied,which were from Boer goat， Tangshan dairy goat,Qinglong native goat and their hybrids crossbred with Boer goat.The average index of genetic polymorphism for whole population（Hsp）and the index of genetic differentiation were 0.6974 and 0.9706,respectively.The average index of genetic distance between populations（0.1314～0.2052）was significantly higher than that within populations（0.0582～0.1440）.All of these indicated that the genetic polymorphism was not only abundant，but also the genetic variation was mainly existed between goat populations.The molecular dendrogram among goat populations was in accord with their genetic relationship.