摘要： 基因打靶技术是一项新兴的分子生物学技术，是利用外源DNA与受体细胞染色体DNA上的同源序列之间发生重组，并整合在预定位点上，从而改变细胞遗传特性的方法。它的产生是遗传工程领域的一次革命，为发育生物学、分子遗传学、免疫学及医学等学科提供了一个全新的、强有力的研究手段。目前基因打靶技术在研究基因的结构和功能、表达与调控，转基因及基因治疗等方面均取得了进展。但基因打靶技术仍存在一些问题，主要是打靶的效率太低。本文综述了基因打靶技术的原理、操作程序并对提高基因打靶效率的可能途径进行了探讨。
Progress on Gene Targeting
LIU Hong-quan1，DAI Ji-xun1，YU Wen-gong2，YANG Kun-feng1
1.Ocean University of Qingdao,College of Marine Life Sciences,Qingdao 266003,China;
2.Institute of Marine Drugs and Foods,Qingdao 266003,China
Abstract:Gene targeting is a rising technology in molecular biology,which is defined as the introduction of exogeneous DNA to specific site in genome by homologous recombination,and consequently change the hereditary character of the cell.This technology provides a new and powerful means for research in developmental biology,molecular genetics,immunology and medicine.Progresses have been made in exploring gene structure and function,gene expression and regulation,transgene and gene therapy with the application of gene targeting.But there are some problems in gene targeting,especially for the low efficiency.This article just provided a review of the principle and program of gene targeting,and discussed the possible approaches to increase the efficiency of gene targeting.
Key words：gene targeting；homologous recombination；targeting vector；targeting efficiency

关键词: 基因打靶, 同源重组, 打靶载体, 打靶效率