RNA聚合酶II大亚基羧基末端结构域：简单重复不简单

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-200

遗传 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1028-1041.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-200

RNA聚合酶II大亚基羧基末端结构域：简单重复不简单

李淇(), 董志诚, 刘敏()

广州大学广东省植物适应性与分子设计重点实验室, 广州市作物基因编辑应用重点实验室, 分子遗传与进化创新研究中心，生命科学学院，广州 510006

收稿日期:2024-07-01 修回日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-09-25
通讯作者: 刘敏，博士，副教授，研究方向：植物基因转录调控。E-mail: minl@gzhu.edu.cn
作者简介:李淇，硕士研究生，专业方向：遗传学。E-mail: 710545832@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32270606)

The carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit: simple repeats are not simple

Qi Li(), Zhicheng Dong, Min Liu()

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Received:2024-07-01 Revised:2024-09-18 Published:2024-12-20 Online:2024-09-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270606)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

转录作为遗传信息传递的关键步骤，由DNA依赖的RNA聚合酶执行。真核生物中，蛋白编码基因的转录由RNA聚合酶II (polymerase II，Pol II)完成，Pol II最大亚基RPB1羧基末端结构域(carboxy-terminal domain, CTD)包含特殊的串联七肽重复序列，这些序列对转录过程至关重要。本文系统回顾并总结了真核生物RPB1 CTD的序列特征、演化历程，及其在转录过程中的调控作用，特别是通过翻译后修饰的动态变化来参与调控转录和加工过程，以加深人们对真核生物基因转录的复杂调控机制的理解，并为RPB1 CTD作用机制的进一步研究提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: RNA聚合酶II, 羧基末端结构域, 转录, 磷酸化, 相分离

Abstract:

Transcription, as a crucial step in the transmission of genetic information, is completed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In eukaryotes, the transcription of protein-coding genes is completed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). A distinctive feature of Pol II is the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of its largest subunit, RPB1, which is composed of a series of heptapeptide repeats that play a vital role in transcription. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and summary of the sequence characteristics and evolutionary trajectory of the eukaryotic RPB1 CTD, as well as its regulatory function within the transcription cycle. We particularly focus on the mechanisms by which the CTD participates in the regulation of transcription and co-transcriptional processing through post-translational modifications. This deepens our understanding of the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing gene transcription in eukaryotes and lays the groundwork for further investigation into the role of the RPB1 CTD.

Key words: RNA polymerase II, carboxy-terminal domain, transcription, phosphorylation, phase separation

李淇, 董志诚, 刘敏. RNA聚合酶II大亚基羧基末端结构域：简单重复不简单[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(12): 1028-1041.

Qi Li, Zhicheng Dong, Min Liu. The carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit: simple repeats are not simple[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2024, 46(12): 1028-1041.

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修饰位点	修饰酶	哺乳动物	酿酒酵母	拟南芥
Tyr1	激酶	c-Abl^[25]	Slt2^[26]
Tyr1	磷酸酶		Rtr1、Glc7^[27,28]
Ser2	激酶	CDK9、CDK11、CDK12、CDK13、BRD4、DYRK1A^{[29⇓⇓⇓~33]}	Bur1、Ctk1, Pho85, Cdc28^[34⇓~36]	CDKC;1、CDKC;2、CDKD;1、CDKD;2、CDKD;3^[37]
Ser2	磷酸酶	FCP1、CDC14^[38,39]	Fcp1、Cdc14^[35,39]	CPL1、CPL2、CPL4、CPL5、SSP4、SSP4B^[40⇓~42]
Thr4	激酶	CDK9、PLK3^[43,44]	Bur1、Pho85、Cdc28、Rim11、Cmk1、Cmk2、Sln1、Yck2、Hrr25、Yck3、Ssk2^[36]
Thr4	磷酸酶	FCP1^[45]	Fcp1^[46]
Ser5	激酶	CDK7、CDK8、CDK9、CDK12、CDK13、DYRK1A^{[31,33,47⇓~49]}	Kin28、Bur1、Srb10、Ctk1、Cdc28、Pho85^{[36,50⇓⇓~53]}	CDKD;1、CDKD;2、CDKD;3^[37,40]
Ser5	磷酸酶	SSU72、RPAP2、SCP1、SCP4、CDC14^{[39,51,54⇓~56]}	Rtr1、Ssu72、Cdc14^[39,57,58]	CPL1、CPL2、CPL4、SSP4, SSP4B、SSP5^[40,42]
Ser7	激酶	CDK7、CDK9^[59,60]	Kin28、Bur1、Ctk1^[51,59,61]	CDKF;1、CDKD;1、CDKD;2、CDKD;3^[37,40]
Ser7	磷酸酶	SSU72^[62]	Ssu72^[62]

RNA聚合酶II大亚基羧基末端结构域：简单重复不简单

The carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit: simple repeats are not simple

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