N6-甲基腺苷修饰对女性生殖系统功能的影响

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.23-071

遗传 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 472-487.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.23-071

N⁶-甲基腺苷修饰对女性生殖系统功能的影响

何山(), 赵健(), 宋晓峰()

南京航空航天大学自动化学院，南京 211106

收稿日期:2023-03-23 修回日期:2023-05-12 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-05-17
通讯作者: 赵健,宋晓峰 E-mail:heshan@nuaa.edu.cn;xfsong@nuaa.edu.cn;zhaojian@nuaa.edu.cn
作者简介:何山，在读硕士研究生，专业方向：生物信息学。E-mail: heshan@nuaa.edu.cn
基金资助:
江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2022843);国家自然科学基金项目(62273175);国家自然科学基金项目(62003165);国家自然科学基金项目(61973155)

Effects of N⁶-methyladenosine modification on the function of the female reproductive system

Shan He(), Jian Zhao(), Xiaofeng Song()

College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

Received:2023-03-23 Revised:2023-05-12 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-05-17
Contact: Zhao Jian,Song Xiaofeng E-mail:heshan@nuaa.edu.cn;xfsong@nuaa.edu.cn;zhaojian@nuaa.edu.cn
Supported by:
Key R&D Plan Projects in Jiangsu Province(BE2022843);National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273175);National Natural Science Foundation of China(62003165);National Natural Science Foundation of China(61973155)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来女性不孕不育率不断攀升，已成为我国提高生育率亟需解决的困境。生殖系统的健康是保证生育能力的前提条件。N⁶-甲基腺苷(N⁶-methyladenosine，m⁶A)是真核生物中最常见的化学修饰，在细胞生命活动中发挥着极其重要的作用。近来，m⁶A修饰被证实在女性生殖系统的各种生理和病理过程中起着关键作用，但其调控机制及生物学功能仍不清楚。本文首先介绍了m⁶A修饰的可逆调节机制及其功能，随后讨论了其在女性生殖功能和生殖系统疾病中的作用，最后对m⁶A修饰的检测技术和方法及其最新进展进行了归纳总结，以期为后续女性生殖系统发病机制和治疗研究提供参考。

关键词: m⁶A, 甲基化修饰, 女性生殖系统, 发育和衰老, 疾病

Abstract:

In recent years, the rate of female infertility in China has been increasing, posing an urgent challenge to improve fertility. A healthy reproductive system is essential for successful reproduction, and N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most abundant chemical modification in eukaryotes and plays a critical role in cellular processes. Recent studies have shown that m⁶A modifications also have a keying effect in various physiological and pathological processes in the female reproductive system, although their regulatory mechanisms and biological functions remain unclear. In this review, we first introduce the reversible regulatory mechanisms of m⁶A and its functions, discuss the role of m⁶A in female reproductive function and disorders of the reproductive system, and present recent advances in m⁶A detection technologies and methods. Our review provides new insights into the biological role of m⁶A and its potential application in the treatment of female reproductive disorders.

Key words: m⁶A, methylation modification, female reproductive system, development and aging, diseases

何山, 赵健, 宋晓峰. N⁶-甲基腺苷修饰对女性生殖系统功能的影响[J]. 遗传, 2023, 45(6): 472-487.

Shan He, Jian Zhao, Xiaofeng Song. Effects of N⁶-methyladenosine modification on the function of the female reproductive system[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2023, 45(6): 472-487.

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类型	调控因子	功能
写入器(writers)	METTL3	催化m⁶A甲基化；调控RNA代谢
	METTL14	MTC关键组分，协助底物识别
	WTAP	MTC重要辅因子，辅助核定位
	VIRMA(KIAA1429)	MTC重要辅因子，增强底物结合能力
擦除器(erasers)	FTO	m⁶A甲基化去除，调控可变剪接及翻译效率
擦除器(erasers)	ALKBH5	m⁶A甲基化去除，调控RNA出核转运
阅读器(readers)	YTHDC1	调控可变剪接及RNA出核转运
	YTHDC2	增强mRNA翻译效率；促进mRNA衰变
	YTHDF1	翻译起始调控；提高翻译效率
	YTHDF2	降低RNA稳定性，促进RNA衰变
	YTHDF3	辅助调控mRNA翻译和衰变
	hnRNPC/hnRNPA2B1	可变剪接调控；RNA结构开关
	IGF2BP1/2/3	增强RNA稳定性；mRNA翻译调控

发育、衰老过程或疾病类型	m⁶A修饰调控因子	方式
卵泡发育	METTL3/14	表达上调促进m⁶A水平增加
	FTO	表达下调促进m⁶A水平增加
	KIAA1429	缺失将抑制颗粒细胞增殖并促进凋亡
	YTHDC2	缺失将导致性腺显着变小
卵母细胞成熟	METTL3	METTL3突变将会导致性腺减小，减数分裂停滞，阻断卵母细胞成熟
卵母细胞成熟	YTHDC1	调节卵母细胞RNA剪接和可变多聚腺苷酸化
母体到合子转换和早期胚胎发育	KIAA1429	缺失导致异常可变剪接，减数分裂停滞
	YTHDC2	敲低将减缓母体mRNA的降解，导致早期胚胎发育缺陷
	METTL3	敲低干扰母体mRNA的降解
卵巢衰老	FTO	FTO下调改变mRNA的稳定性，诱导卵巢衰老
卵巢衰老	YTHDF2	抑制YTHDF2调控通路有助于保护卵巢上皮细胞
原发性卵巢功能不全	FTO	FTO表达的降低是POI的高风险因素
多囊卵巢综合征	METTL3/14和FTO/ALKBH5	调控机制异常
子宫内膜异位和子宫肌腺病	METTL3	敲低促进人子宫内膜基质细胞的迁移和侵袭
子宫内膜异位和子宫肌腺病	hnRNPA2B1和hnRNPC	免疫应答相关
先兆子痫	METTL3	阻碍滋养层的迁移和侵袭
先兆子痫	ALKBH5	缓解疾病进展
自然流产和复发性流产	FTO	改变免疫耐受和血管生成
自然流产和复发性流产	YTHDF2	敲低增强滋养层细胞侵袭
卵巢癌	METTL3	促进癌细胞生长和侵袭
	YTHDF1/2/3	促进扩散和迁移，影响病理分级和预后
	FTO	抑制体内肿瘤发生
	ALKBH5	参与肿瘤发生
宫颈癌	METTL3	促进癌细胞增殖和侵袭
宫颈癌	FTO	促进癌细胞增殖和迁移，增强耐药性
子宫内膜癌	METTL3	促进肿瘤的增殖和致癌性
	FTO	促进癌细胞转移
	ALKBH5	促进肿瘤的增殖和致癌性
	WTAP	促进癌症进展
	YTHDF2	抑制肿瘤细胞致癌性

名称	RNA类型	技术手段	分辨率	耗时	定量	灵敏度	参考文献
MeRIP-seq	mRNA lncRNA	m⁶A抗体沉淀高通量测序	100~200 bp	长	非定量	中	[82]
m⁶A-seq	mRNA lncRNA	m⁶A抗体沉淀高通量测序	100~200 bp	长	非定量	中	[83]
miCLIP	ployA RNA	m⁶A抗体沉淀光交联高通量测序	1 bp	长	非定量	高	[84]
m⁶A-CLIP	ployA RNA	m⁶A抗体沉淀光交联高通量测序	1 bp	长	非定量	高	[85]
MAZTER-seq	ployA RNA	MazF降解定量逆转录PCR 或高通量测序	1 bp (仅ACA motif)	中	定量	高 (仅ACA motif)	[86]
m⁶A-REF-seq	ployA RNA	MazF、FTO降解高通量测序	1 bp (仅ACA motif)	中	定量	高 (仅ACA motif)	[87]
m⁶A-label-seq	mRNA	代谢标记高通量测序	1 bp	长	非定量	中	[88]
DART-seq	ployA RNA	基因编辑细胞转染高通量测序	10 bp	长	非定量	低	[89]
MeRIP-qPCR	ployA RNA	m⁶A抗体沉淀定量逆转录PCR	100~200 bp	短	半定量	中	[90]
m⁶A dot blot	mRNA	斑点杂交	无	短	半定量	中	[91]
LC-MS	mRNA totalRNA	液相色谱质谱	无	中	定量	高	[92]

N⁶-甲基腺苷修饰对女性生殖系统功能的影响

Effects of N⁶-methyladenosine modification on the function of the female reproductive system

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